The Roles of Mitochondria in Human Being's Life and Aging.

The universe began 13.8 billion years ago, and Earth was born 4.6 billion years ago.

Yellow pea-based pasta's impacts on the salt intake, glycemic parameters and oxidative stress in healthy individuals: a randomized clinical trial.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.), a widely cultivated legumes globally, is attracting interest as a functional food owing to its antioxidant properties derived from nutritional components such as polyphenols. We previously reported that yellow pea-based pasta (YPP) aids in controlling blood glucose and enhances the sensitivity to saltiness.

Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2.

The Omicron variant (B.529) of COVID-19 caused disease outbreaks worldwide because of its contagious and diverse mutations. To reduce these outbreaks, therapeutic drugs and adjuvant vaccines have been applied for the treatment of the disease.

Biofilm Inhibiting Activity of Advanced Glycation Endproduct Crosslink Breaking and Glycation Inhibiting Compounds.

is a Gram-positive bacterium that plays a role in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in diabetes mellitus, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis, all of which are associated with elevated non-enzymatic glycation biomarkers. The production of biofilm protects resident bacteria from host immune defenses and antibiotic interventions, prolonging pathogen survival, and risking recurrence after treatment. Glycated proteins formed from keratin and glucose induce biofilm formation in , promoting dysbiosis and increasing pathogenicity.

Serial Passaging of RAW 264.7 Cells Modulates Intracellular AGE Formation and Downregulates RANKL-Induced In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis.

The passage number of cells refers to the number of subculturing processes that the cells have undergone. The effect of passage number on morphological and phenotypical characteristics of cells is of great importance. Advanced glycation end products have also been associated with cell functionality and characteristics.

Inhibitory Effects of Astaxanthin on CML-HSA-Induced Inflammatory and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenic Gene Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Objective: Elevated levels of serum -carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-known advanced glycation end-product (AGE), were observed in patients with inflammation or osteoporosis. Astaxanthin was reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of commercially available dietary supplement AstaReal ACT (ASR) capsule content as astaxanthin on CML-HSA-induced inflammatory and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenic gene expression.

Comprehensive NMR analysis of two kinds of post-fermented tea and their anti-glycation activities in vitro.

Post-fermented tea (dark tea) is produced from enzyme-inactivated fresh tea leaves by microbial fermentation. Batabata tea and Awaban tea are two major dark teas fermented under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. However, how their chemical compositions and functionalities change during different post-fermentation processes remains unclear.

Identification of Antiglycative Compounds in Japanese Red Water Pepper (Red Leaf Variant of the Sprout).

Glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction between proteins and excess blood sugar, is implicated in multiple disorders and occurs via the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the red-leaf variant of the sprout (Japanese red water pepper, Benitade) is one of the potent plants that inhibit formation of AGEs. In this study, we aimed to identify antiglycative compounds in Benitade.

Effect of Passion Fruit Seed Extract Rich in Piceatannol on the Skin of Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial.

Piceatannol has been reported to have a wide variety of effects on the skin, including promoting collagen production, inhibiting melanin synthesis, inducing the antioxidant glutathione, and eliminating reactive oxygen species. In this study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted to clinically evaluate the effects of piceatannol-rich passion fruit seed extract on the skin of healthy Japanese women (age, 35-54 y). Thirty-two women with dry skin received either passion fruit seed extract (5 mg piceatannol) or a placebo (dextrin) for 8 wk.

[Age-related diseases of the skin and anti-aging medicine].

In the anti-aging medicine, we recommend to assess the skin aging by five categories: wrinkle age, spot age, yellow tint age, elasticity age, and moisture age. Photo-aging (oxidative stress) and glycative stress are major causes of age-related deterioration in the skin. Gly- cative stress finally causes skin accumulation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs), inducing yellow tint, and cross linkage between collagen fibers inducing less elastic skin.

Lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score are associated with histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency may be associated with histological progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which includes non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is mainly produced by hepatocytes and its secretion is stimulated by GH. Our aim was to determine whether more histologically advanced NAFLD is associated with low circulating levels of IGF-1 in Japanese patients.

Effects of a year-long pedometer-based walking program on cardiovascular disease risk factors in active older people.

We assessed the relationship between the number of daily steps and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a year-long pedometer-based walking program for physically active older people. A total of 36 physically active older people (68.3 ± 5.

Current status of bariatric surgery in Japan and effectiveness in obesity and diabetes.

The rate of obesity in Japan, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater, is reportedly at 24 %, a lower level of severe obesity than in the EU and US. However, the incidence of obesity-related health problems is reportedly higher among Asians. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery in Japan and accounted for 54 % of such surgeries in 2011; procedures such as laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), practiced frequently worldwide, were uncommon.

[Significance of anti-aging medical checkups for the elderly].

Aim: The purpose of anti-aging medical checkups is to evaluate the functional age of the patient, aiming to prevent functional aging and rejuvenate the functional age. In this study, a comparison of the medical checkup results was conducted in elderly groups with different levels of activities of daily living (ADL).

Methods: There were three groups of subjects; and an independent group that included 43 independently-living subjects (68.

Minor effects of green tea catechin supplementation on cardiovascular risk markers in active older people: a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Although previous studies have shown that consumption of green tea catechins (GTC) and walking might prevent development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of GTC supplementation on CVD risk in active older people are unknown.

Methods: A total of 52 older adults (male/female 20/32, mean age 69.1 ± 5.

Lower circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, independent of insulin resistance, is an important determinant of severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japanese patients.

Aim:   The biological basis of variability in histological progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant steroid hormone, has been shown to influence sensitivity to reactive oxygen species, insulin sensitivity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Our aim was to determine whether more histologically advanced NAFLD is associated with low circulating levels of DHEA in Japanese patients.

[Medical treatment for calcium metabolism and balance in terms of the anti-aging medicine].

The aging balance and the risk factor are considered from a whole body viewpoint whenever it thinks about the anti-aging treatment for calcium metabolism. The aging balance attaches to the muscles, the blood vessel, the nerve, the hormone, and the bone, and the aging risk factor evaluates immunity, the oxidation stress, the mental stress, the lifestyle, and the metabolic states. The basis of treatment is improvement of life styles in daily meal, physical activities, and the spirit.

Effects on the Human Body of a Dietary Supplement Containing L-Carnitine and Garcinia cambogia Extract: A Study using Double-blind Tests.

The effect of a dietary supplement with L-carnitine (600 mg/day) and Garcinia cambogia extract (500 mg/day as hydroxycitric acid) as main ingredients was studied in 35 healthy volunteers {48.3 +/- 6.9 years, body mass index (BMI): 26.

[Hormone replacement Up-to-date. Hormone replacement therapy in anti-aging medicine].

The purpose of anti-aging medicine is to raise quality of life (QOL) and to aim at healthy longevity. Melatonin, DHEA(-s) (dehydroepiandrosterone [sulfate]), somatotropin/IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I), male and female hormone decrease with aging, that can be prevented by hormone replacement therapy. This therapy has two sides of supplement of the deficit and a healthy increase.

The effects of rabeprazole on parietal cells and enterochromaffin-like cells in rats: a comparison with omeprazole.

Background: We investigated the effects of rabeprazole compared with those of omeprazole on enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells in rats.

Methods: Rabeprazole or omeprazole was administered for 7 days by intraperitoneal injection (100 mg/kg or 20mg/kg once a day) and the serum gastrin concentration, the antral density of G cells and D cells, fundic histamine content, fundic H+, K+-ATPase mRNA level, and parietal cell morphology were determined.

Results: Both rabeprazole and omeprazole inhibited gastric acid secretion and increased the intragastric pH to over 6.

An ultrastructural study of the liver in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

An ultrastructural investigation of the liver was performed in two patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. There were many protoporphyrin crystals in the hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, epithelia of bile ducts, and sinusoidal endothelial cells and also free within sinusoids. In hepatocytes, these deposits were composed of granular amorphous materials and numerous slender, straight, or slightly curved needle-like crystals aligned in radial orientation.

Effects of omeprazole and pirenzepine on enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells in rat stomach.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the regulation of histamine synthesis in enterochromaffin-like cells, chemically and structurally, by treatment with omeprazole and pirenzepine.

Methods: The ultrastructures of enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells were examined in rats treated with oral omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal pirenzepine (1 mg/kg) administration. Serum gastrin concentrations, mRNA levels of H+-K+-ATPase and histidine decarboxylase, and the fundic concentrations of somatostatin and histamine were determined.