Giant impurity effect on anomalous Hall effect of Mn3Sn.

Mn3Sn is an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) antiferromagnet that exhibits the hysteretic AHE in antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase at room temperature. We report that whisker Mn3Sn crystals grown by the flux method exhibit a non-hysteretic AHE at mid-to-low temperatures when the whisker Mn3Sn is surrounded by a thin layer of ferromagnetic Mn2-xSn. These crystals exhibit a hysteretic AHE above 275 K due to the spin alignment of the inverse triangular lattice, which is similar to other crystals.

NFIA determines the -effect of genetic variation on Ucp1 expression in murine thermogenic adipocytes.

Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes counteract obesity by enhancing energy dissipation via uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1). However, the effect of genetic variation on these cells, a major source of disease susceptibility, has been less well studied. Here we examined beige adipocytes from obesity-prone C57BL/6J (B6) and obesity-resistant 129X1/SvJ (129) mouse strains and identified a -regulatory variant rs47238345 that is responsible for differential Ucp1 expression.

Effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in metabolic-related organs.

The preventive effects of regular exercise on obesity-related health problems are carried over to the non-exercise detraining period, even when physical activity decreases with aging. However, it remains unknown whether regular childhood exercises can be carried over to adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in organs to prevent obesity in adulthood.

Association of DNA methylation with steroidogenic enzymes in Cushing's adenoma.

DNA methylation and demethylation regulate the transcription of genes. DNA methylation-associated gene expression of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes may regulate cortisol production in cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA). We aimed to determine the DNA methylation levels of all genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes involved in CPA.

Masticatory dysfunction in patients with diabetic neuropathy: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Chewing well is essential for successful diet therapy and control of blood glucose level in patients with diabetes. In addition, long-term hyperglycemia is a risk factor for microvascular complications, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Hence, it is plausible that masticatory disorder may be relevant to diabetic microvascular complications which is caused by long-term hyperglycemia.

Hypomethylation associated vitamin D receptor expression in ATP1A1 mutant aldosterone-producing adenoma.

DNA methylation alteration is tissue-specific and play a pivotal role in regulating gene transcription during cell proliferation and survival. We aimed to detect genes regulated by DNA methylation, and then investigated whether the gene influenced cell proliferation or survival in adrenal cells. DNA methylation and qPCR analyses were performed in nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenoma (NFA, n = 12) and aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA, n = 35) samples.

Dietary Vitamins A, C, and Potassium Intake Is Associated With Narrower Retinal Venular Caliber.

Introduction: The retinal vasculature, a surrogate for the systemic microvasculature, can be observed non-invasively, providing an opportunity to examine the effects of modifiable factors, such as nutrient intake, on microcirculation. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary nutrient intake with the retinal vessel caliber.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 584 participants in a medical survey of Japanese descendants living in Los Angeles in 2015 underwent a dietary assessment, fundus photographic examination, and comprehensive physical and blood examinations.

Changes in glucagon secretion induced by food intake in fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report.

Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus and is characterized by a remarkably abrupt onset and almost complete destruction of β-cells within a few days. Here, we report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a 63-year-old man with no history of hyperglycemia. The patient was diagnosed with FT1DM and had almost no insulin secretion.

Incidence of Diabetes in the Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1969-2015.

Context: Recent epidemiological studies have shown increased risk of diabetes among childhood cancer survivors who received high therapeutic doses of radiation, particularly to the total body or to the abdomen. However, the effect of low-to-moderate dose radiation (<4 Gy) on the risk of diabetes is still unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the radiation effect on diabetes incidence among atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors, and whether the dose response is modified by other factors including city, sex, and age at time of bombing (ATB).

Mutant in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma Leads to Cell Proliferation.

The molecular mechanisms by which mutation-mediated cell proliferation or tumorigenesis in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) have not been elucidated. First, we investigated whether the APA-associated L104R mutation stimulated cell proliferation. Second, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which the mutation-mediated cell proliferated.

Association of Dietary Nutrient Intake with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japanese-Americans.

Lifestyle factors may be associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in addition to demographic and genetic factors. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to elucidate the association between nutrient intake and AMD in the Japanese-American population living in Los Angeles. We conducted a medical survey of Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in Los Angeles, including interviews on dietary habits, fundus photography, and physical examinations.

Genotype-specific cortisol production associated with Cushing's syndrome adenoma with PRKACA mutations.

The intracellular molecular mechanisms underlying the genotype of cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA) have not been fully determined. We analyzed gene expressions in CPA and the human adrenocortical cell line (HAC15 cells) with PRKACA mutation. Clustering analysis using a gene set associated with responses to cAMP revealed the possible differences between PRKACA mutant CPAs and GNAS and CTNNB1 mutant CPAs.

Therapeutic effects of sleeve gastrectomy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis estimated by paired liver biopsy in morbidly obese Japanese patients.

Bariatric surgery has been reported to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a frequent comorbidity in morbidly obese patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study to estimate the therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most common bariatric surgery in Japan, on obese patients with NASH by comparing the findings of paired liver biopsies.Eleven patients who underwent laparoscopic SG for the treatment of morbid obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2, from March 2015 to June 2019 at Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan, were enrolled.

Update on Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, with a prevalence of 5-10% among patients with hypertension. PA is mainly classified into two subtypes: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Recent developments in genetic analysis have facilitated the discovery of mutations in , , , , , , and in sporadic or familial forms of PA in the last decade.

Westernization of Lifestyle and Atherosclerosis in the Japanese: Lessons from the Hawaii - Los Angeles - Hiroshima Study.

Japanese Americans include Japanese individuals migrating from Japan to the United States (first-generation Japanese Americans [JA-1]) and their offspring (second- or later-generation Japanese Americans [JA-2]). Although Japanese Americans share their genetic predisposition with the Japanese, their lifestyles have been westernized rapidly and extensively. We conducted a medical survey for atherosclerosis among Japanese Americans living in Hawaii and Los Angeles and native Japanese living in Hiroshima for 50 years since 1970 (the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima Study) and obtained the following results:(1) In the 1990s, a westernized lifestyle induced hyperlipidemia among Japanese Americans, and based on the evaluation of the carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (IMT), atherosclerosis was apparently more advanced in Japanese Americans than in native Japanese.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression is not induced by the renin-angiotensin system in the lung.

https://bit.ly/3fkopuO.

Variation in plasma glucagon levels according to obesity status in Japanese Americans with normal glucose tolerance.

Japanese Americans living in the United States are genetically identical to Japanese people, but have undergone a rapid and intense westernization of their lifestyle. This study investigated variability in glucagon secretion after glucose loading among Japanese Americans with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) according to obesity status. The 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed for 138 Japanese Americans (aged 40-75 years) living in Los Angeles.

A 50-year history of the health impacts of Westernization on the lifestyle of Japanese Americans: A focus on the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima Study.

A medical survey of Japanese Americans have been carried out since 1970; in particular, this survey was administered to the Japanese emigrants from Hiroshima (Japan) to Hawaii or Los Angeles (USA) and their offspring. Labeled the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima Study, it constituted a long-term epidemiological study of Japanese Americans who are genetically identical to the native Japanese people, but have experienced rapid and intense Westernization in terms of their lifestyles. The authors have compared the medical survey data procured from two Japanese populations, evincing very disparate lifestyles; that is, the native Japanese inhabitants of Hiroshima (Japan) and Japanese Americans living in Hawaii or Los Angeles (USA).

A Case of Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Caused by Pembrolizumab.

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is an anti-programmed cell death 1-specific monoclonal antibody that has become the standard second-line chemotherapy for unresectable advanced microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer. Several immune-related adverse events (irAEs), particularly endocrinopathy, are linked to the administration of pembrolizumab. We report here a case of pembrolizumab-induced isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency in a patient with metastatic colon cancer.

Effect of the use of passive body trunk exercise equipment on oxygen consumption and self-efficacy for carrying out exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: Considering the difficulty in inculcating the habit of exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes, devising an easily maintained means of exercise is preferable. Passive body trunk exercise equipment (PBTE) developed for home use might solve several problems related to exercise therapy, both for patients and clinical staff involved in diabetes treatment; however, its efficacy as a therapeutic exercise device for patients with diabetes has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to measure the exercise intensity and self-efficacy of PBTE, and to determine whether PBTE is a useful tool for exercise therapy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Calmegin Is Upregulated in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma and Associates With Aldosterone Production.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in syntheses of proteins and steroid hormones and regulation of intracellular Ca level. We aimed to investigate ER-associated genes in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) and clarify their effect on aldosterone production. Microarray analysis targeting 288 ER-associated genes was conducted using nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas (n=5) and APAs (n=19).

Associations of nutrient intakes with glaucoma among Japanese Americans.

The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations of nutrient intake on glaucoma in subjects of Japanese descent living in Los Angeles, CA.In this cross-sectional study, 581 Japanese American participants in Los Angeles underwent an interview, fundus photography, comprehensive physical, and blood examinations, along with determining the body mass index status and any confounding factors. CDSketch was used to measure the cup-disc ratio and rim width of each fundus in the retinal photographs.

Thyroid-associated Orbitopathy: Quantitative Evaluation of the Orbital Fat Volume and Edema Using IDEAL-FSE.

Background And Purpose: To compare orbital quantitative data obtained by fast spin-echo iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (FSE-IDEAL) in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and healthy controls and to investigate the characteristics of these data in TAO patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two TAO patients (4 males and 18 females; median age 51.0 years) and 22 healthy subjects (5 males and 17 females; median age 50.

Alteration of gut microbiota by a Westernized lifestyle and its correlation with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Japanese men.

Aims/introduction: The severity of insulin resistance is higher in Japanese-American people with American lifestyles than in native Japanese people with Japanese lifestyles. Recently, the role of gut microbiota in the control of host metabolic homeostasis and organ physiology has been recognized. In addition, gut microbiota alterations have been suggested to contribute to pathogenesis of insulin resistance.