Impairments in sleep and brain molecular clearance in people with cognitive deterioration and biological evidence of AD: a report of four cases.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the failure of the glymphatic system - the brain's waste clearance system, which is active during sleep - plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Glymphatic function can be investigated using serial MRIs after intrathecal gadobutrol injection. This technique can reveal the health of the glymphatic system, but has not yet been used in participants with cognitive impairment due to AD.

MaRCoS, an open-source electronic control system for low-field MRI.

Every magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device requires an electronic control system that handles pulse sequences and signal detection and processing. Here we provide details on the architecture and performance of MaRCoS, a MAgnetic Resonance COntrol System developed by an open international community of low-field MRI researchers. MaRCoS is inexpensive and can handle cycle-accurate sequences without hard length limitations, rapid bursts of events, and arbitrary waveforms.

Benchmarking the performance of a low-cost magnetic resonance control system at multiple sites in the open MaRCoS community.

Purpose: To describe the current properties and capabilities of an open-source hardware and software package that is being developed by many sites internationally with the aim of providing an inexpensive yet flexible platform for low-cost MRI.

Methods: This article describes three different setups from 50 to 360 mT in different settings, all of which used the MaRCoS console for acquiring data, and different types of software interface (custom-built GUI or Pulseq overlay) to acquire it.

Results: Images are presented both from phantoms and in vivo from healthy volunteers to demonstrate the image quality that can be obtained from the MaRCoS hardware/software interfaced to different low-field magnets.

Portable magnetic resonance imaging of patients indoors, outdoors and at home.

Mobile medical imaging devices are invaluable for clinical diagnostic purposes both in and outside healthcare institutions. Among the various imaging modalities, only a few are readily portable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the gold standard for numerous healthcare conditions, does not traditionally belong to this group.

Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets.

Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium.

Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls.

ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing.

A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of brain processes associated with MDD could facilitate the detection of individuals at risk, and the development of novel treatments, the monitoring of treatment effects, and predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific brain mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies and a lack of reproducible findings have hindered progress.

Glutamatergic and GABA-ergic abnormalities in First-episode depression. A 1-year follow-up 1H-MR spectroscopic study.

Background: Previous magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) studies have reported brain metabolic abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, results have been inconsistent, focusing on fully developed major depression neglecting first episode patients (FED). Longitudinal studies have also been rare and with short follow-up periods.

Classification model based on strain measurements to identify patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement.

Background And Objective: A heterogenous expression characterizes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). The evaluation of regional wall movement included in the current Task Force Criteria is only qualitative and restricted to the right ventricle. However, a strain-based approach could precisely quantify myocardial deformation in both ventricles.

White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group.

Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression. In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12-88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium.

No Alterations of Brain Structural Asymmetry in Major Depressive Disorder: An ENIGMA Consortium Analysis.

Objective: Asymmetry is a subtle but pervasive aspect of the human brain, and it may be altered in several psychiatric conditions. MRI studies have shown subtle differences of brain anatomy between people with major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects, but few studies have specifically examined brain anatomical asymmetry in relation to this disorder, and results from those studies have remained inconclusive. At the functional level, some electroencephalography studies have indicated left fronto-cortical hypoactivity and right parietal hypoactivity in depressive disorders, so aspects of lateralized anatomy may also be affected.

Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples.

Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies.

Methods: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers.

Left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement: A door to improving diagnosis.

Background: Diagnostic Task Force Criteria (TFC) for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) exhibit poor performance for left dominant forms. TFC only include right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (akinesia, dyssynchrony, volumes and ejection fraction). Moreover, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) assessment of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony has hitherto not been described.

Depression and Anxiety Scores Are Associated with Amygdala Volume in Cushing's Syndrome: Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Cushing's syndrome (CS) has repeatedly been associated with hippocampal volume reductions, while little information is available on the amygdala, another structure rich in glucocorticoid receptors. The aim of the study was to analyze amygdala volume in patients with CS and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and hormone levels.

Material And Methods: 39 CS patients (16 active and 23 patients in remission) and 39 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level completed anxiety (STAI) and depression tests (BDI-II) and underwent a 3 Tesla brain MRI and endocrine testing.

White matter involvement on DTI-MRI in Cushing's syndrome relates to mood disturbances and processing speed: a case-control study.

Purpose: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is an endocrine disorder due to prolonged exposure to cortisol. Recently, microstructural white matter (WM) alterations detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been reported in CS patients, and related to depression, but other functional significances. remain otherwise unclear.

Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis.

Background: Neuroimaging studies have shown structural alterations in several brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Through the formation of the international ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, we aimed to address weaknesses of previous imaging studies and meta-analyses, namely inadequate sample size and methodological heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate whether there are structural differences in children and adults with ADHD compared with those without this diagnosis.

Altered amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.

The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in low frequency fluctuation (LFF) values between schizophrenia patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). Nineteen schizophrenia patients with persistent AVH (HP), fourteen non-hallucinating schizophrenia patients (nHP) and twenty healthy controls (HC) underwent R-fMRI. LFF values were calculated in the slow frequency band (0.

Reduced DNA methylation of FKBP5 in Cushing's syndrome.

FKBP5 encodes a co-chaperone of HSP90 protein that regulates intracellular glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. When it is bound to the glucocorticoid receptor complex, cortisol binds with lower affinity to glucocorticoid receptor. Cushing's syndrome is associated with memory deficits, smaller hippocampal volumes, and wide range of cognitive impairments.

NATURALISTIC COURSE OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER PREDICTED BY CLINICAL AND STRUCTURAL NEUROIMAGING DATA: A 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP.

Background: Despite its high recurrence rate, major depression disorder (MDD) still lacks neurobiological markers to optimize treatment selection. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of clinical and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in the long-term MDD clinical outcomes (COs).

Methods: Forty-nine MDD patients were grouped into one of four different CO categories according to their trajectory: recovery, partial remission, remission recurrence, and chronic depression.

Brain metabolite abnormalities in ventromedial prefrontal cortex are related to duration of hypercortisolism and anxiety in patients with Cushing's syndrome.

Chronic exposure to excessive glucocorticoid (GC) concentration in Cushing's syndrome (CS) can affect the brain structurally and functionally; ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is rich in GC receptors and therefore particularly vulnerable to excessive GC concentration. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) is a sensitive, non-invasive imaging technique that provides information on brain metabolites in vivo. Our aim was to investigate metabolite concentrations in vmPFC of CS patients and their relationship with clinical outcome.

Cardiovascular risk and white matter lesions after endocrine control of Cushing's syndrome.

Objective: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. White matter lesions (WML) are common on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with increased cardiovascular risk.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk, WML, neuropsychological performance and brain volume in CS.

Alterations in cerebral white matter and neuropsychology in patients with cirrhosis and falls.

Background & Aim: Falls are frequent in patients with cirrhosis but underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim was to determine the neuropsychological, neurological and brain alterations using magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) in cirrhotic patients with falls.

Patients And Methods: Twelve patients with cirrhosis and falls in the previous year were compared to 9 cirrhotic patients without falls.

Resting-state functional connectivity alterations in the default network of schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.

To understand the neural mechanism that underlies treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), is still an important issue in psychiatric research. Alterations in functional connectivity during rest have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. Though the default mode network (DN) appears to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients, little is known about its role in resistant AVH.