An Artificial Placenta Experimental System in Sheep: Critical Issues for Successful Transition and Survival up to One Week.

Objective: To describe the development of an artificial placenta (AP) system in sheep with learning curve and main bottlenecks to allow survival up to one week.

Methods: A total of 28 fetal sheep were transferred to an AP system at 110-115 days of gestation. The survival goal in the AP system was increased progressively in three consecutive study groups: 1-3 h (n = 8), 4-24 h (n = 10) and 48-168 h (n = 10).

Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications.

Bacterial infection of implanted scaffolds may have fatal consequences and, in combination with the emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance, the development of advanced antibacterial biomaterials and constructs is of great interest. Since decades ago, metals and their ions had been used to minimize bacterial infection risk and, more recently, metal-based nanomaterials, with improved antimicrobial properties, have been advocated as a novel and tunable alternative. A comprehensive review is provided on how metal ions and ion nanoparticles have the potential to decrease or eliminate unwanted bacteria.