Self-rated health, time of residence and social determinants of health in immigrant populations: A complex relationship in groups of different origins in a Southern European region.

Health of immigrant population changes with time of residence and under the effect of social determinants of health. This study analyses the health status of the immigrant population in the Basque Country according to groups of origin assessing the effect of time of residence on health in the different origin groups considering social and migration-related determinants of health. A cross-sectional study of the immigrant population in the Basque Country using the Foreign Origin Population Survey was conducted.

The lived experience of receiving and providing antenatal care during the Covid-19 crisis in Southern Europe: An exploratory qualitative study.

Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic led to a reorganization of antenatal care including the cancellation or shift into telemedicine of consultations and restrictions to the presence of an accompanying person. The aim was to explore healthcare professionals' and women's lived experience of such reorganisation consequences on the quality of care and specific challenges they faced, with a particular emphasis on telemedicine and equity.

Methods: Exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions of women and healthcare providers in New Aquitaine (France) and in the Basque Country (Spain).

[From face-to-face consultation to teleconsultation: Primary health care professionals' experiences in the Basque Country during the pandemic].

Objective: To explore the perceptions of Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals on changes in consultation modalities and their impact on PHC fundamentals during the pandemic.

Design: Qualitative exploratory research conducted between October and November, 2021.

Location: Four urban and one rural primary health care centers with different socioeconomic profiles in the threeterritories of the Basque Country.

Trends and determinants of social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors in Spain: a mixed-methods study.

This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors by socioeconomic position from 2001 to 2020 in Spain; 2) explore public health professionals' perspectives regarding interventions that might have impacted these inequities; and 3) analyze determinants on social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors. First, we will measure the change in absolute and relative social inequities in eight cardiovascular risk factors through time trend analysis using repeated cross-sectional data from both National and European Health Surveys for Spain from 2001 to 2020. Second, we will interview key informants -both at the regional and national level-, to contextualize data obtained in phase 1 and capture the content and variation of policies across regions.

[Gender inequality and mental health medicalization: Sociocultural determining factors from the analysis of expert perceptions].

To identify the sociocultural roots that explain the higher frequency of diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety and the prescription of psychotropic drugs in women, in order to propose a preliminary explanatory framework for the investigation of gender inequalities in mental health and its medicalization. Qualitative study with a descriptive-interpretive design, through in-depth interviews conducted in January and February 2021. Interviews were held in various cities of the Basque Country, Barcelona and Madrid.

Social Inequalities in Health Determinants in Spanish Children during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

The COVID-19 lockdown was imposed in a context of notable inequalities in the distribution of the social determinants of health. It is possible that the housing conditions in which children and their families experienced the confinement, and the adoption of healthy behaviors, may have followed unequal patterns. The aim was to describe social inequalities in housing conditions and in health-related behaviors among children during the lockdown in Spain.

[Unwanted loneliness, health and social inequalities throughout the life cycle].

Objective: To analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective.

Method: Cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%).

[How to measure the migration status of the child and young population? Studies on health and inequalities in health in Europe].

Objective: To analyse how the migration status of the child and young population is measured in the scientific literature on health and social inequalities in health in Europe.

Method: A systematic search of the literature published in Spanish, English and French between 2007 and 2017 in PubMed and Social Sciences Citation Index was carried out. The included studies analysed health and social inequalities in health of a population under 18 years old according to its migration origin in Europe.

[Health and determinants of health in second generations of international immigrants: Social inequalities in health since childhood?].

Objective: To analyse the social inequalities in health between children and youth population of an immigrant origin from low-income countries and those of native origin in the Basque Country.

Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study using data from the Basque Country Health Survey 2013. Variables of health, behaviours and life conditions were used as the outcome variables.

Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in the immigrant population of the Basque Country, Spain.

Objective: To examine the effect of perceived discrimination and self-rated health among the immigrant population in the Basque Country, Spain, and determine whether this effect varies according to region of origin, age, sex and education.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included immigrants aged 18 and older residing in the Basque Country.

The role of birthplace and educational attainment on induced abortion inequalities.

Background: Induced abortion (IA) has shown social inequality related to birthplace and education with higher rates of IAs in immigrant and in less educated women relative to their native and highly educated counterparts. This study examined the independent and joint effects of birthplace and education on IA, repeated and IA performed during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy among women residing in the Basque Country, Spain.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study of IA among women aged 25-49 years residing in the Basque Country, Spain, between 2011 and 2013.

The Impact of Fiscal Policies on the Socioeconomic Determinants of Health.

There has been considerable recent debate around the alleged impact of discretionary fiscal policies - especially austerity policies - on health and health inequalities. Assuming that most of the impact will have to run via the effect of fiscal policies on socioeconomic determinants of health (SDH), it is of interest to gain a further understanding of the relationship between fiscal policies and SDH. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the recent evidence on the impact of discretionary fiscal policies on key SDH, i.

Induced abortion in a Southern European region: examining inequalities between native and immigrant women.

Objectives: To examine induced abortion (IA) inequalities between native and immigrant women in a Southern European region and whether these inequalities depend on a 2010 Law facilitating IA.

Methods: We conducted two analyses: (1) prevalence of total IAs, repeat and second trimester IA, in native and immigrant women aged 12-49 years for years 2009-2013 according to country of origin; and (2) log-binomial regression was used to quantify the association of place of origin with repeat and second trimester IAs among women with IAs.

Results: Immigrants were more likely to have an IA than Spanish women, with the highest probability in Sub-Saharan Africa (PR 8.

[Austerity and healthcare privatization in times of crisis: are there any differences among autonomous communities?].

Objective: To analyse the differences between autonomous communities in Spain according to their policies of austerity and healthcare privatization during the economic crisis.

Methods: Changes in the application of legal reforms, healthcare privatization and healthcare financing/resources in the autonomous communities were analysed, and a summary indicator of each dimension was constructed.

Results: The Basque Country showed the clearest behaviour towards a weak policy of austerity and privatization, as opposed to La Rioja, Madrid, and the Balearic Islands.

[Participation and representation of the immigrant population in the Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012].

Objective: Population health surveys have been the main data source for analysis of immigrants' health status in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyze the representation of this population in the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS) 2011-2012.

Methods: We analyzed methodological publications and data from the SNHS 2011-2012 and the population registry.

[Immigration and health: Social inequalities between native and immigrant populations in the Basque Country (Spain)].

Objective: To analyze health inequalities between native and immigrant populations in the Basque Country (Spain) and the role of several mediating determinants in explaining these differences.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged 18 to 64 years in the Basque Country. We used data from the Basque Health Survey 2007 (n=4,270) and the Basque Health Survey for Immigrants 2009 (n=745).