Anti-fungal sesquiterpenoid from the root exudate of Solanum abutiloides.

The Solanum abutiloides plant is highly resistant to soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahliae, and Ralstonia solanacearum.

Molecular analysis of the TSC1 gene in adenocarcinoma of the lung.

We previously reported that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1)-gene-associated region on chromosome 9q34, was frequently observed in adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung and its putative precursor lesion, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Some novel tumor suppressor gene for AC of the lung may be present in this region, and the TSC1 gene located on chromosome 9q34 is one candidate. The aim of this study was to determine whether the TSC1 gene itself acts as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of AC of the lung.

Cytologic factors associated with prognosis in patients with peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.

Background: Recently, peripheral lung adenocarcinomas (PLA) measuring < or = 3 cm in greatest dimension often have been diagnosed using diagnostic radiology. The objective of the current study was to determine which cytologic factors are associated with a favorable outcome and an unfavorable outcome in patients with PLA.

Methods: Imprint smears from 134 patients with PLA were examined.

Establishment and characterization of a nerve cell line (NC-HIMT) from HIMT cells derived from a human ovarian immature teratoma with special reference to the induction of neuron differentiation by retinoic acid.

A nerve cell line designated NC-HIMT was established from a HIMT cell line derived from a benign ovarian, three germ layer immature teratoma removed from a 21-year-old Japanese female. The HIMT cells were elongated, ellipsoid or spherical in shape, whose karyotype was on the high side of normal diploidy. Small amounts of retinoic acid enhanced differentiation and maturation of the HIMT cells into nervous tissue, and the NC-HIMT cell line was established by the colony isolating technique when the HIMT cell line was cultured in the presence of retinoic acid-supplemented medium.

New method for forming large embryoid bodies using the wall of the culture dish along with an analysis of their structural characteristics.

Early embryonic stem (EES) cells, which were established from 2 cell stage embryos obtained from ddY mice, had similar characteristics as embryonic stem (ES) cells. These cells were maintained in an undifferentiated stage in growth media supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and were capable of differentiating into triploblastic tissues under various growth factors. It has been known that normal sized embryoid bodies (EBs) are formed by removing LIF.

Visceral pleural invasion classification in non-small cell lung cancer: a proposal on the basis of outcome assessment.

Objective: The definition of visceral pleural invasion in lung cancer TNM classification of the International Union Against Cancer lacks detail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of the extent of pleural involvement as a prognostic factor and to propose a refined TNM classification on the basis of visceral pleural invasion.

Methods: We reviewed 1653 consecutive patients with T1, T2, and T3 surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer for their clinicopathologic characteristics and prognoses.

Prognosis and histologic features of small pulmonary adenocarcinoma based on serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and computed tomographic findings.

Objectives: In 2001, we proposed the criteria for combined evaluation of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and the tumor shadow disappearance rate (TDR) to predict pathologic N0 (pN0) disease in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The objective of the present study was to determine the prognosis and histologic features in small-sized pulmonary adenocarcinomas according to serum CEA level and TDR.

Methods: We reviewed clinical records of 189 consecutive patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma 3.

Breast cancer resistance protein impacts clinical outcome in platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, and response to chemotherapy and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: Expression of ABC transporter proteins, including P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP2, MRP3, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), was examined immunohistochemically in 72 formalin-fixed tumor samples from untreated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC patients. All of the patients received platinum-based chemotherapy.

Engraftment of adult human lung tissue in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice: a novel lung epithelial regeneration model.

Objectives: Injury causes the disruption of homeostatic cell-cell interactions and epithelial regeneration is part of the threshold response. Due to the lack of a good animal model for the investigation of these mechanisms, the kinetics of cell proliferation after injury to the human respiratory tract are poorly understood.

Methods: To create a better model of human bronchioloalveolar epithelial regeneration, we engrafted adult human lung tissue into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice.

Topographical distribution of allelic loss in individual lung adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastases.

Adenocarcinomas of the lung are characterized by morphological heterogeneity, and since carcinogenesis has been suggested to be a multistep process involving sequential accumulation of multiple genetic alterations, the morphological heterogeneity may represent a cross-sectional view of genetic alterations within individual tumors. Therefore, to elucidate whether, and which, genetic alterations accumulated in relation to morphological cancer progression, we examined 56 microdissected sites for topographical distribution of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 12 adenocarcinomas of the lung with bronchioloalveolar (BA) and invasive components in their primary tumors and metastases to lymph nodes. The morphological changes from noninvasive BA lesions to invasive and metastatic components were characterized by a significant rise in the prevalence of allelic losses (P<0.

The proportion of consolidation to ground-glass opacity on high resolution CT is a good predictor for distinguishing the population of non-invasive peripheral adenocarcinoma.

Objective: If non-invasive lung carcinomas are distinguishable on computed tomography (CT), limited surgery can be indicated before operation as a radical procedure. The purpose of this study is to define high resolution CT (HRCT) findings that indicate pathologic T1N0M0 tumor without vessel invasion.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed HRCT findings and pathological specimens of 98 consecutive patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with systematic hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection from January 1996 to October 1999 for 101 pulmonary peripheral adenocarcinomas smaller than 3cm in diameter on HRCT.

[A case of well-differentiated nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung with an 18-year clinical course before surgery].

A 56-year-old woman was referred for an abnormally dense area in the right upper lung field detected at medical checkup. This shadow had been pointed out frequently since she was 38 years old, but no pathological diagnosis of lung cancer had been given. The size of the abnormal area had gradually increased over the 18 years.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of peripheral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can be divided into two types according to the location of the primary site: the central type and the peripheral type. The clinicopathologic factors in the peripheral type of lung squamous cell carcinoma have not yet been fully evaluated. A total of 204 surgically resected lung squamous cell carcinomas were reviewed with special reference to their location, histologic characteristics based on tumor growth patterns, and clinicopathologic factors.

Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor decreases human prostate cancer burden in human adult bone implanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Human prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone, where it gives rise to osteoblastic bone metastases with an underlying osteoclastic component and subsequent bone pain. However, the importance of osteoclastogenesis in the development of prostate cancer bone lesions in humans is unclear. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and a novel secreted protein, and it is a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival both in vitro and in vivo.

Frequent overexpression of the c-kit protein in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.

Overexpression of receptor-type tyrosine kinases in various cancers is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and poor outcome, but their expression had never been evaluated in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. In the present study, we investigated the expression of three receptor tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, and c-kit protein, by comparing surgically resected 40 LCNECs with other neuroendocrine (NE) lung tumors: 9 typical carcinoids (TCs), 5 atypical carcinoids (ACs), and 13 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). None of the NE lung tumors showed expression of EFGR or c-erbB-2, but c-kit was overexpressed in 55% of the LCNEC tumor cells and 46% of the SCLC tumor cells.

Calcification in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.

Background: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of intratumoral calcification in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and to review computed tomography (CT) and histological findings.

Patients And Methods: From August 1992 through March 2000, 35 out of 1183 surgically resected lung cancer patients were histologically diagnosed as having LCNEC at our institute. We reviewed the plain radiographs and CT scans of these 35 LCNEC patients.

Immunohistochemical neuroendocrine differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung.

The clinical significance of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation is unclear in large cell carcinoma (LCC) of the lung. Fifty-five surgically resected carcinomas of the lung with an original pathologic diagnosis of LCC were reviewed histologically with special attention to NE morphology. Antibodies against neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), chromogranin A (CGA) and synaptophysin (SY) were used to confirm the NE differentiation.

Encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a pectoralis major muscle.

An extensive review of the literature suggests that ours is the first case of encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a skeletal muscle. A 43-year-old man underwent thymothymectomy for encapsulated Masaoka's stage I thymoma. Four years after complete resection, the tumor metastasized to the left pectoralis major muscle.

Localized pure ground-glass opacity on high-resolution CT: histologic characteristics.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the histologic characteristics in cases of localized pure ground-glass opacity (LPGGO) that do not exhibit consolidation on high-resolution CT (HRCT) images.

Method: Twenty surgically resected lesions from 20 consecutive cases were retrospectively investigated. Each of the 20 lesions had exhibited LPGGO on HRCT images.

Prognostic significance of fibrotic focus in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a prospective observational study.

We have already reported invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with fibrotic focus (FF) to be associated with significantly poorer survival than IDCs without FF. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the effect of the presence of FF on the outcomes of 439 patients with IDCs to confirm the prognostic significance of FF, by the multivariate analysis, employing the Cox proportional hazard regression model, as compared with well-known clinicopathological parameters. We also precisely evaluated the prognostic significance of FF from the viewpoint of FF characteristics.

Successful management of solitary malar metastasis from lung cancer.

A right malar mass developed in a 68-year-old man who had undergone right upper and middle bilobectomy for lung cancer 2 years previously. The mass was diagnosed to be a malar metastasis from lung cancer and was surgically resected because no other metastases were found. The patient is well without signs of recurrence 5 years after resection of the malar mass.

Primary thymic extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type exhibits distinctive clinicopathological and molecular features.

Extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising in the thymus is rare, with the largest series in the literature including only three cases. In the present study, we investigated 15 cases of thymic MALT lymphoma to systematically characterize its clinical, histopathological, and molecular features. There was a marked female predilection (male:female = 1:4), with a mean age of 55 years at diagnosis.

Frequent microsatellite instability in lung cancer from chromate-exposed workers.

Although chromium has been the most extensively investigated metal with respect to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, its genetic effects in humans are only partly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that lung cancer from chromate-exposed workers infrequently (20%) displayed p53 gene mutations as well as a particular mutation pattern. In the present study, we examined the replication error (RER) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 38 lung cancers from 28 chromate-exposed workers (chromate lung cancer group) and in 26 lung cancer patients without chromate exposure (non-chromate lung cancer group), using six microsatellite markers containing CA repeats: D3S647 (3p23), D3S966 (3p21.

Detection of early invasion on the basis of basement membrane destruction in small adenocarcinomas of the lung and its clinical implications.

To evaluate the correlation between the degree of basement membrane (BM) preservation and clinicopathological characteristics in the replacement-growth type (lepidic growth type) of small peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung, the BM components of 72 surgically resected replacement-growth type adenocarcinomas of the lung, 2 cm or less in diameter, were evaluated immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody to Type IV collagen and polyclonal antibodies to 7S collagen and laminin. The tumors were classified into the following three distinctive histological types according to the condition of the elastic framework: Type I, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma without fibrotic foci; Type II, sclerosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma without elastic framework destruction; and Type III, sclerosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with elastic framework destruction. The BM was well preserved in the area of bronchioloalveolar spread along fully expanded alveoli in all tumor types; however, BM preservation was significantly lost in the areas of collapsed alveoli in Type III tumors.