QcrC is a potential target for antibody therapy and vaccination to control infection by suppressing its energy metabolism.

Introduction: spp. are a public health concern, yet there is still no effective vaccine or medicine available.

Methods: Here, we developed a -specific antibody and found that it targeted a menaquinol cytochrome reductase complex QcrC.

Endotoxin-Free Stx2B-C-CPE Vaccine and Its Optimized Adjuvant Regimen for Preventing Food Poisoning.

Background: and Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing (STEC) are common causes of food poisoning. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of Stx2B-C-CPE, a fusion protein of the C-terminal region of enterotoxin (C-CPE) and Shiga toxin 2 B subunit (Stx2B), as a bivalent vaccine against and STEC infections.

Methods: Here, we applied an expression system and Triton X-114 phase separation to prepare tag- and endotoxin-free Stx2B-C-CPE for use in vaccine formulations.

Lymphoid Tissue-Resident Establish an Intracellular Symbiotic Environment by Creating a Unique Energy Shift in Dendritic Cells.

Lymphoid-tissue-resident commensal bacteria (LRCs), including , are present in intestinal lymphoid tissue including the Peyer's patches (PPs) of mammals and modulate the host immune system. Although LRCs can colonize within dendritic cells (DCs), the mechanisms through which LRCs persist in DCs and the symbiotic relationships between LRCs and DCs remain to be investigated. Here, we show an intracellular symbiotic system in which the LRC creates a unique energy shift in DCs.

Development of a bivalent food poisoning vaccine: augmented antigenicity of the C-terminus of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin by fusion with the B subunit of Escherichia coli Shiga toxin 2.

Food poisonings caused by Clostridium perfringens and Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) occur frequently worldwide; however, no vaccine is currently available. Therefore, we aimed to develop a bivalent vaccine against C. perfringens and STEC infections.