Tumor thickness as a novel risk factor for lymph node metastasis by superficial squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Narrow-band imaging combined with magnified endoscopy has enabled the detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCCHN) that has been resected with minimally invasive treatment, preserving vocalization and swallowing functions. However, risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) must be identified, as some patients with LNM have a poor prognosis. From an initial 599 patients with 700 lesions who underwent trans-oral surgery in 27 Japanese hospitals (a nationwide registration survey), we enrolled 541 patients with 633 SSCCHNs, as indicated by central pathological diagnoses.

Tumor-stroma ratio can predict lymph-node metastasis in cT1/2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma independent of tumor budding grade.

Background: cT1/2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) often metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes. However, predicting neck lymph-node metastasis (NLM) remains challenging. Pathomorphological evaluation of tumor budding grade (TBG) and tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) reportedly can predict lymph-node metastases.

An autopsy case of COVID-19-like acute respiratory distress syndrome after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

We report the first case with COVID-19-like acute respiratory distress syndrome after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. An 88-year-old woman developed dyspnea several hours after vaccination with the second dose of mRNA-1273. She was hospitalized on day nine due to worsening dyspnea.

The first case of gastric leiomyosarcoma developed through malignant transformation of leiomyoma.

Malignant transformation of gastric leiomyoma has not been reported, and therefore it is considered to have virtually no malignant potential. We report a case of gastric leiomyosarcoma arising from leiomyoma. The patient is a 72-year-old man with a submucosal mass measuring 20 mm in diameter, which was incidentally identified by an endoscopic surveillance.

Potential roles of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma without major causative risk factors.

Background: Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) are the major causative risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, reports on ESCC cases unrelated to these risk factors are very limited. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features and etiology of such cases.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 704 consecutive superficial ESCC tumors of 512 patients who were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Frequent DYRK2 gene amplification in micropapillary element of lung adenocarcinoma - an implication in progression in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

The present study aimed to discern the molecular alterations involved in the progression of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We previously demonstrated that the micropapillary (mPAP) element is the most important histological factor for assessing malignant grades in LADCs. Therefore, mPAP and other elements were separately collected from three cases of EGFR-mutated LADC using laser capture microdissection and subjected to a comprehensive mRNA expression analysis.

Histopathological validation of magnifying endoscopy for diagnosis of mixed-histological-type early gastric cancer.

Background: The undifferentiated-type (UDT) component profoundly affects the clinical course of early gastric cancers (EGCs). However, an accurate preoperative diagnosis of the histological types is unsatisfactory. To date, few studies have investigated whether the UDT component within mixed-histological-type (MT) EGCs can be recognized preoperatively.

Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancers arising in uninfected patients.

Background: Persistent () infection causes chronic inflammation, atrophy of the gastric mucosa, and a high risk of developing gastric cancer. In recent years, awareness of eradication therapy has increased in Japan. As infections decrease, the proportion of gastric cancers arising from uninfected gastric mucosa will increase.

The protective effect of G9-1 against mucus degradation by following small intestine injury caused by a proton pump inhibitor and aspirin.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can alleviate upper gastrointestinal injury but paradoxically exacerbate aspirin (ASA)-induced small intestine injury. In this study, our goal was to simulate this exacerbation by developing an appropriate animal model, which may help in establishing treatments. : Male mice were fed a 60% fructose diet for 9 weeks, then administered 200 mg/kg ASA 3 h before sacrifice.

Impact of Referral Center Pathology Review on Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Appendiceal Neoplasms.

Context.—: Data regarding the clinical impact of subspecialist pathology review of appendiceal neoplasms are limited.

Objective.

Correlation between the macroscopic severity of Crohn's disease in resected intestine and bowel wall thickness evaluated by water-immersion ultrasonography.

Transabdominal ultrasonography is a common and accurate tool for managing Crohn's disease (CD); however, the significance of the resulting data is poorly understood. This study was performed to determine the association between bowel wall thickness evaluated by water-immersion ultrasonography and macroscopic severity, namely, refractory inflammation and subsequent fibrosis in CD surgical specimens. We retrospectively evaluated 100 segments of colon and small intestine from 27 patients with CD.

Pulmonary melanocytic nevus - A case report with a mutation analysis of common driver oncogenes.

Nevi are benign melanocytic tumors, and some nevi are considered to develop into malignant melanomas. Most nevi arise in the skin, but nevi occasionally occur in the conjunctiva, esophageal mucosa, or at other sites. Pulmonary melanocytic nevi are extremely rare, and only one case has been reported in the literature.

Specific expression of MUC21 in micropapillary elements of lung adenocarcinomas - Implications for the progression of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas.

We investigated the significance of MUC21 in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Two-hundred forty-one surgically resected LADCs (116 EGFR-mutated and 125 wild-type tumors) were examined for immunohistochemical expression of MUC21 protein. A polyclonal antibody and two monoclonal antibodies (heM21C and heM21D) that bind differentially glycosylated MUC21 epitopes were used, and MUC21 proteins detected by these antibodies were named MUC21P, MUC21C, and MUC21D, respectively.

Unique expression profiles of mucin proteins in interstitial pneumonia-associated lung adenocarcinomas.

In order to clarify idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP)-associated lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), we herein focused on the expression profiles of mucin proteins, the most common cellular differentiation markers. The expression of the mucin (MUC) 1, MUC2, MUC3B, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC7, MUC9, and MUC21 proteins was examined immunohistochemically and their levels were semi-quantified in 80 IIP-associated LADCs and 106 non-IIP LADCs. LADCs were divided into low and high expressers based on thresholds obtained from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of each mucin protein.

Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinomas are frequently associated with non-intestinal mucin profiles and loss of SATB2 expression.

The special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma and reduced expression of SATB2 is associated with a poor prognosis. Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinoma often shows distinct morphologic and molecular phenotypes compared to sporadic cases. However, the SATB2 expression profile in colitis-associated carcinoma has not been defined.

Distribution of PAPP-A and total hCG between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation in Japanese pregnant women.

To establish the reference values for PAPP-A and total hCG between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation for the use of risk assessment of fetal aneuploidy in Japanese pregnant women. A multicenter prospective study was conducted. The subjects included only Japanese pregnant women with viable singleton who requested the first trimester combined (nuchal translucency and maternal serum marker) screening for fetal aneuploidy.

A molecular pathological study of four cases of ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung.

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are a recently categorized benign or low-grade malignant neoplasm that develops in the peripheral lung. Only about 40 cases have been reported to date, and the clinicopathological characteristics have yet to be defined in detail. Here, we present four cases of CMPTs with a focus on their immunohistochemical profiles and driver gene mutations.

Relationship between non-TRU lung adenocarcinomas and bronchiolar metaplasia - potential implication in their histogenesis.

Lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs) have been roughly divided into two groups: the terminal respiratory unit (TRU) type and non-TRU type. These ADCs appear to develop through exclusive carcinogenetic pathways because of differences in their cellular morphologies and the profiles of protein expression and genetic alterations. The TRU type develops from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia as a precursor.