The mesopancreas and pancreatic head plexus: morphological, developmental, and clinical perspectives.

Purpose: Total mesopancreas excision has been found to be helpful for increasing no residual tumor resection rate and improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. This study analyzed the relationships among the mesopancreas and pancreatic head plexus from the morphological, developmental, and clinical perspectives.

Methods: Twenty-four cadavers were employed.

Immunohistochemical study for relationship between vessel and lymphatic properties and tooth marks in human oral mucosa.

Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth marks occur after clenching the teeth for a long period under muscle tension in the human oral cavity. However, the sites of angiogenesis, cell differentiation and microvessel density are not known for human mucosa with tooth marks.

Temporal and dynamic changes in gingival blood flow during progression of ligature-induced periodontitis.

Objectives: To evaluate temporal changes in gingival blood flow (GBF) during progression of periodontitis in rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) approach and to characterize morphological and biochemical features in the periodontium associated with GBF.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into a ligature-induced periodontitis group and a control group. To induce periodontitis, ligatures were tied around maxillary first molars bilaterally.

Morphogenesis of the ventral pancreas anlagen is influenced by the SMA branching pattern.

Developmentally, the uncinate process of the pancreas is derived from the ventral pancreatic anlagen, supplied by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and contains pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-rich islets of Langerhans. In contrast, the other parts of the pancreas originate from the dorsal anlagen supplied by the celiac system and contain PP-poor islets. This study was performed to investigate whether morphogenesis of the ventral pancreas anlagen is associated with the pattern of SMA branching.

Precise anatomical resection based on structures of nerve and fibrous tissue around the superior mesenteric artery for mesopancreas dissection in pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of resection based on the nerve and fibrous tissue (NFT) structures around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (R-PDAC) patients.

Methods: NFTs around the SMA were classified into four "intensive NTFs area" with spreading the NFTs around the SMA and three SMA nerve plexus regions without branching nerves according to autopsy findings. Complete dissection of four "intensive NTFs areas" was performed by pre-exposing three SMA nerve plexus regions without branching nerves as "dissection-guiding points" with SMA nerve plexus preservation (NFT-based resection).

Clinical anatomy of the anterior and posterior hepatic plexuses, including relations with the pancreatic plexus: A cadaver study.

The poor prognosis after surgery for pancreatic cancer or extrahepatic bile duct cancer has mainly been attributed to early lymph node metastasis, as well as a high frequency of perineural invasion along the peripancreatic neural plexuses or extrahepatic bile duct plexus. However, there has been no detailed morphological description of the anterior and posterior hepatic plexuses (AHP and PHP). In addition, the concepts of the pancreatic plexus and PHP are confused by surgeons.

Distribution of glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1 and neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNAs during formation of the embryonic and postnatal mouse molar in the maxilla.

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a well-characterized neurotransmitter. Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1 (Grik1) has also been demonstrated to generate high-affinity kainate receptors. However, little is known about the roles of CGRP and Grik1 during the developmental formation of teeth.

Analysis of the development of human foetal nasal turbinates using CBCT imaging.

Purpose: The morphological structure of the nasal cavity (NC) is important for endoscopic surgical treatment. The location of nasal turbinates, including the superior turbinate (ST), middle turbinate (MT) and inferior turbinate (IT), are well presented during the formation of the human NC in cone beam CT (CBCT) images. There is a complex relationship between the nasal sinuses, the maxillary sinus (MS), ethmoidal sinus and sphenoid sinus, during formation of the NC structure at the morphological level.

Localization of CGRP and VEGF mRNAs in the mouse superior cervical ganglion during pre- and postnatal development.

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mediates inflammation and head pain by influencing the functional vascular blood supply. CGRP is a well-characterized mediator of receptor-regulated neurotransmitter release. However, knowledge regarding the role of CGRP during the development of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is limited.

Distribution of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide-α of tooth germ during formation of the mouse mandible.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRPα) is a neurotransmitter that is related to bone formation during development. However, CGRP expression is not well known to affect the formation of teeth during development. During tooth germ development, the relationships among CGRPα, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), amelogenin (AMELX), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) are unclear despite various tooth and osteogenesis markers.

The distribution of nerves supplying the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands of Suncus murinus.

Chronic testicular pain remains an important challenge for urologists. Investigation of the innervation of male gonads thus becomes essential for deepening our understanding of their regulatory roles in male reproductive physiology and pathophysiology. Studies of testicular innervation are mainly limited to the intratesticular peptidergic nerves of the testis by immunohistochemical and acetylcholinesterase histochemical investigations in some animals.

CBCT imaging of the alveolar bone structure in maxilla of elderly donor cadavers and PCA analysis.

There is an important bone matrix with remodelling between dentate and edentulous samples of the human maxilla for bone metabolism. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is useful for structural analysis of bone. The objective of this study was to investigate morphological data of donor cadavers in detail using CBCT imaging and principal component analysis (PCA).

Morphological observation and CBCT of the bony canal structure of the groove and the location of blood vessels and nerves in the palatine of elderly human cadavers.

Purpose: The greater and lesser palatine nerves and vessels supply the hard and soft palates, and the roots of these vessels and nerves run through a bony structure. However, the arrangement of blood vessels in the maxilla requires attention during clinical treatments, but detailed morphological information about changes in the greater and lesser palatine arteries and nerves during aging is unavailable. We therefore need detailed investigations of the morphology of the donor cadaver palatine using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and macroscopic observations.

Expression of CGRP neurotransmitter and vascular genesis marker mRNA is age-dependent in superior cervical ganglia of senescence-accelerated prone mice.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neurotransmitter that is released from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and causes head and neck pain. The morphological properties of human SCG neurons, including neurotransmitter content, are altered during aging. However, morphological changes in CGRP in the SCG during aging are not known.

A morphological study of the foramina of the mandible in the Japanese macaque by cone-beam computed tomography.

The mandibular canal (MC) contains vessels and nerves in the mandible of the Japanese macaque (JM). The inferior alveolar nerves and vessels of the mandible insert from the mandibular foramen and then run through the MC, the mental foramen and spinal foramen to the outside of the mandible. However, the detailed morphological properties of multiple canals, such as the accessory canal (AC) of the mandible, are unknown in JMs.

Expression of CGRP, vasculogenesis and osteogenesis associated mRNAs in the developing mouse mandible and tibia.

The neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is a well-characterized neurotransmitter. However, little is known about the role of CGRP in osteogenesis and vascular genesis during the developmental formation of bone. In the present study, we assessed the abundance of CGRP mRNA and the mRNA of osteogenesis and vascular genesis markers in the foetal mouse mandible and leg bone (tibia).

A morphological study of the multi-posterior superior alveolar canals of maxilla in the Japanese macaque by cone-beam computed tomography.

The posterior superior alveolar canal (PSAC) composed of several canals which contains vessels and nerve in molar region of the maxilla of Japanese macaque. The PSAC of maxilla run to the maxillary sinus. However, the PSAC and accessory canal (AC) of the maxilla in the Japanese macaque (JM) is unknown in morphological features in the maxilla.

Expression of CGRP in embryonic mouse masseter muscle.

Neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a mediator of inflammation and head pain that influences the functional vascular blood supply. The CGRP also regulate myoblast and acetylcholine receptors on neuromuscular junctions in development. However, little is known about its appearance and location during mouse masseter muscle (MM) development.

Expression of myostatin in early postnatal mouse masseter and rectus femoris muscles.

Aims: Myostatin (Mstn) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that inhibits muscle differentiation. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationships between Mstn, thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression during early postnatal development.

Methods: We investigated the expression of Mstn, TRα, and MyHCs (embryonic, slow, IIa, IIb, and IIx) using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and ELISA (Mstn) in postnatal mouse muscles between day 0 and day 10.

Unexpected ovarian malignancy found after laparoscopic surgery in patients with adnexal masses--a single institutional experience.

Laparoscopy has become the standard surgery for the treatment of benign ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of laparoscopy for ovarian tumors, including those with malignant potential. A total of 487 patients with adnexal masses underwent laparoscopic surgery in Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital from January 2000 to December 2012.

Tenomodulin regulated the compartments of embryonic and early postnatal mouse masseter muscle.

The masseter muscle (MM) is a complex tendinous laminar structure during development; however, the stage of the laminar structure formation is unknown. Tenomodulin (TeM) is a useful marker of tendons and has an anti-angiogenic cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. Therefore, we analyzed mRNA of TeM and angiogenesis markers (CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) and performed in situ hybridization for the TeM genes in MM from on embryonic day 12.

Differences in the morphology of the maxillary sinus and roots of teeth between Macaca fuscata and Macaca fuscata yakui determined using cone beam computed tomography.

The Japanese macaque is an endemic species consisting of two subspecies: Macaca fuscata fuscata (MFF) and Macaca fuscata yakui (MFY). The MFY is indigenous to Yakushima Island and represents a subspecies of MFF that lives from Honshu to Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. However, the differences in the skulls of the MFY and MFF are unknown, despite these subspecies having different skull sizes.

A morphological study of the blood vessels associated with periodontal probing depth in human gingival tissue.

Gingival tissues in human cadavers were examined the blood vessel diameter in the depths of the gingival pockets such as three groups: gingiva adjacent to a sulcus of 2 mm (Group 1); gingiva adjacent to a 2-4-mm sulcus (Group 2); and gingiva adjacent to a sulcus of > 4 mm (Group 3). A meaningful significant difference was seen observed in gingival pocket side, intermediate and outer layer side regions of the gingiva. A meaningful significant difference was seen found in intermediate part and the outer layer of the gingiva in Group 3.

Analysis of vascular distribution and growth factors in human gingival tissue associated with periodontal probing depth.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of blood vessel endothelium. Tissue levels of this angiogenesis marker are unknown in human gingival tissue, as is the correlation between vascular growth factors and hypoxia-inducible factor. We examined the expression of VEGF, type III tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGF-R2), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mRNA from human gingival tissue of the oral cavity.

Distributions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the human maxillary sinus of Japanese cadavers.

Background: Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are released by the nociceptive sensory nerve and are involved in blood flow, pain and inflammation in the nasal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of the SP and CGRP nerve fibres related to blood supply within human Schneiderian membrane of the maxillary sinus (MS).

Material And Methods: In this study, the MS from Japanese cadavers was examined by whole-mount immunohistochemistry.