Integrin-α5 expression and its role in non-small cell lung cancer progression.

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. Aberrant expression of integrins has been associated with tumor progression and metastasis in various cancer types. Integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) is an integrin subtype that serves as a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, and fibrillin-1.

Efficacy and safety of multi-day antiemetic treatment for patients undergoing multi-day chemotherapy: a systematic review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology.

Background: A standardized multi-day antiemetic regimen for multi-day chemotherapy remains elusive. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of multi-day antiemetic regimens in patients undergoing multi-day intravenous chemotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web databases for relevant studies published from January 1990 to December 2020.

Defining the clinical benefits of adding a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical practice guidelines for antiemesis 2023 from the Japan society of clinical oncology.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) commonly affects patient quality of life and the overall effectiveness of chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether adding neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) to 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists (5-HTRAs) and corticosteroids provides clinically meaningful benefits in preventing CINV in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web to identify clinical studies evaluating NK1RAs combined with 5-HTRAs and dexamethasone for managing CINV in MEC.

Comorbid thrombosis as an adverse prognostic factor in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma regardless of staging.

Objective: Patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) often present with thrombosis. While cancer patients with concomitant thrombosis were generally reported to have worse prognoses than those without, the association between thrombosis and prognosis has not been elucidated in OCCC. This study aimed to determine how the co-occurrence of thrombosis affects OCCC prognoses.

Non-pharmacological treatments for anticipatory nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023.

Background: Anticipatory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a conditioned response influenced by the severity and duration of previous emetic responses to chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacologic interventions for anticipatory CINV among patients with cancer.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Ichushi-Web, from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020.

Characteristic hysteroscopy appearance considerations for detecting uterine endometrial malignancies.

Aim: The effectiveness of hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial lesions has been demonstrated, showing high diagnostic accuracy for malignant endometrial lesions. Although the characteristic appearances of atypical and malignant endometria have been reported, they are not definitive and sometimes complicated. This study aimed to identify a small number of characteristic features to detect endometrial abnormalities using a simple judgment system and analyze the diagnostic characteristics and their accuracy in endometrial malignancy diagnosis.

Improvement in a post-stroke pediatric patient with hemiplegia: Use of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy with hybrid assistive limb.

Background: Pediatric stroke is a rare medical condition that often leads to long-lasting motor and cognitive impairments. Although therapies for adults after a stroke are well described, treatments for motor deficits following a pediatric stroke are yet to be investigated. We report a case of pediatric stroke in the chronic phase, in which a combination of novel treatments resulted in a significant improvement in physical function.

The Histone Methyltransferase SETD8 Regulates the Expression of Tumor Suppressor Genes via H4K20 Methylation and the p53 Signaling Pathway in Endometrial Cancer Cells.

The histone methyltransferase SET domain-containing protein 8 (SETD8), which methylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) and non-histone proteins such as p53, plays key roles in human carcinogenesis. Our aim was to determine the involvement of SETD8 in endometrial cancer and its therapeutic potential and identify the downstream genes regulated by SETD8 via H4K20 methylation and the p53 signaling pathway. We examined the expression profile of SETD8 and evaluated whether SETD8 plays a critical role in the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

MED1, a novel binding partner of BRCA1, regulates homologous recombination and R-loop processing.

Homologous recombination (HR) is a major repair pathway of DNA double-strand breaks and is closely related to carcinogenesis. HR deficiency has been established as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functions of a novel HR factor, Mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1), and its association with BRCA1.

Integrin alpha 2 is associated with tumor progression and postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Whereas expression of integrin alpha 2 is associated with motility, invasiveness and cellular differentiation in various tumors, the role of integrin alpha 2 in lung cancer has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how aberrant integrin alpha 2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer leads to different outcomes.

Manual vacuum aspiration (women's MVA) for endometrial biopsy for patients with suspected endometrial malignancies.

Aim: Endometrial biopsy is generally performed with a metal uterine curette sonde; however, recently, many types of vacuum aspirators are available, including the manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) system. We used the women's MVA system for endometrial sampling and evaluated its effectiveness in determining the presence of endometrial malignancy.

Methods: Forty-seven samples were examined using the following procedures after measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography: fractional curettage biopsy (Bx; 20 samples), total curettage under general anesthesia (T/C; 13 samples), and MVA (14 samples).

Development of a national health policy logic model to accelerate the integration of oncology and palliative care: a nationwide Delphi survey in Japan.

Background: Despite recommendations to deliver palliative care to cancer patients and their caregivers, their distress has not been alleviated satisfactorily. National health policies play a pivotal role in achieving a comprehensive range of quality palliative care delivery for the public. However, there is no standardised logic model to appraise the efficacy of these policies.

Lower dose of ethambutol may reduce ocular toxicity without radiological deterioration for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.

Background: Ethambutol ocular toxicity is a major problem during combination chemotherapy for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) due to years-long therapy for MAC.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the lower dose of daily ethambutol that can reduce ocular toxicity.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 312 patients who visited The University of Tokyo Hospital between January 2007 and December 2017 for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.

Selective elimination of tumorigenic hepatic stem cells using hybrid liposomes.

To avoid the risk of tumorigenesis after cell transplantation, tumorigenic stem cells should be selectively eliminated from induced pluripotent cells, embryonic stem cells, and somatic stem cells. We previously reported the presence of tumorigenic stem cells in human fetal hepatocyte-induced hepatoblasts after sodium butyrate (SB) treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the selective elimination of tumorigenic stem cells in human hepatoblasts using hybrid liposomes (HLs) prepared by sonicating a mixture of 90 mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene (n) dodecyl ether (C (EO), n = 23) in a buffer solution.

Enhanced antitumor activity of combined lipid bubble ultrasound and anticancer drugs in gynecological cervical cancers.

Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with gynecological cancers. Delivering anticancer drugs effectively to tumor cells with just few side effects is key in cancer treatment. Lipid bubbles (LB) are compounds that increase the vascular permeability of the tumor under diagnostic ultrasound (US) exposure and enable the effective transport of drugs to tumor cells.

Automated system for diagnosing endometrial cancer by adopting deep-learning technology in hysteroscopy.

Endometrial cancer is a ubiquitous gynecological disease with increasing global incidence. Therefore, despite the lack of an established screening technique to date, early diagnosis of endometrial cancer assumes critical importance. This paper presents an artificial-intelligence-based system to detect the regions affected by endometrial cancer automatically from hysteroscopic images.

Molecular mechanism underlying the selective attack of trehalose lipids on cancer cells as revealed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.

The present study indicated that the mixed lipid bilayer of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and trehalosemonomyristate (TreC14) interacted strongly with the plasma membrane of cancer cells, and not that of normal cells, when the composition of TreC14 was 70%, as revealed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. These results were consistent with those of previous experimental studies, indicating that DMPC/TreC14 mixed liposomes (DMTreC14) with TreC14 composition at 70% exhibited a strong anti-cancer effect without affecting normal cells. The simulations also revealed that lipids with highly hydrophilic and bulky head groups, such as TreC14, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS), showed the tendency to accumulate.