Performance of Idylla RAS-BRAF mutation test for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of colorectal cancer.

Background: The Biocartis Idylla platform is a fully automated, real-time PCR-based diagnostic system. The Idylla KRAS and NRAS-BRAF Mutation Tests have been developed for the qualitative detection of mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes, facilitating the genomic profiling of patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical performances of these tests in Japan.

[Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory Clostridioides difficile infection with Crohn's disease in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient].

We report a case of a 15-year-old girl who developed refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). She was treated successfully with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The patient who had aplastic anemia underwent allogeneic BMT from an HLA 1-locus-mismatched unrelated donor.

Immunohistochemistry of the oncofetal protein IMP3 is helpful in the diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma using skin biopsy.

Background: The oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein-3 (IMP3) is expressed in various cancers. In this study, we examined the diagnostic utility of IMP3 immunohistochemistry in the context of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL).

Methods: We obtained 25 skin biopsy (SB) specimens diagnosed as IVL and nine IVL-negative SB specimens from 27 IVL patients.

Multiple Gastric Carcinomas Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori: A Thought-Provoking Case.

BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections are associated with gastric carcinoma (GC). We present a thought-provoking case of multiple GCs associated with EBV and HP infections. CASE REPORT HP infection was incidentally detected in an asymptomatic 60-year-old man.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent hypercortisolism caused by pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A thought-provoking but remorseful case of delayed diagnosis.

Introduction And Importance: Definitive diagnosis of functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in the pancreas is challenging. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) regulates adrenal cortisol production. Ectopic ACTH secretion by functioning NENs may cause hypercortisolism.

Whole brain radiation therapy for primary central nervous system marginal zone lymphoma: a case report.

A standard radiation therapy protocol for primary central nervous system marginal zone lymphoma (CNS-MZL) has not been established. The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group suggested a radiation therapy dose of 30-36 Gy for lesions of well-defined CNS-MZL. We report a case of relatively low-dose whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for ill-defined CNS-MZL.

[Port-Site Metastasis of Prostate Cancer after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy : A Case Report].

The incidence of port-site metastasis in urologic laparoscopic surgery is low, especially in prostate cancer, with 4 reported cases to date. A 65-year-old man was introduced to our hospital presenting with gross hematuria and dysuria. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 3.

Gender-specific correlation between plasma myeloperoxidase levels and serum high-density lipoprotein-associated paraoxonase-1 levels in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease.

Objective: Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is well-established as a negative risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and its anti-oxidant property has been attributed mainly to the HDL-bound enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Recently, myeloperoxidase (MPO), a pro-oxidant enzyme released from activated neutrophils, has been shown to alter the atheroprotective function of HDL to a dysfunctional form. This study investigated the relationship between plasma MPO and serum PON-1 levels in patients with stable (SAP) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP).

Relationship of thrombus characteristics to the incidence of angiographically visible distal embolization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with thrombus aspiration.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the association between pathological characteristics of aspirated intracoronary thrombi and the incidence of angiographically visible distal embolization (AVDE) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with thrombus aspiration.

Background: AVDE of atherosclerotic and thrombotic material has been shown to impair myocardial perfusion and contribute to poor clinical outcome in patients with STEMI. Recent studies have shown that thrombus composition and size are associated with the incidence of AVDE.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with lipoma-like well-differentiated liposarcoma: clinicopathological study of 30 cases, with particular attention to the comingling pattern of well- and dedifferentiated components: a proposal for regrouping of the present subclassification of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) is defined as nonlipogenic sarcoma, with an abrupt transition from coexisting well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL). However, intermingled transition in a mosaic pattern between WDL and DDL is not infrequently encountered. Here, the authors review clinicopathological features of 30 cases of DDL associated with lipoma-like WDL.

Erythrocyte-rich thrombus aspirated from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: association with oxidative stress and its impact on myocardial reperfusion.

Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated that erythrocytes are a potential component in atheromatous lesions and thrombus formation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of red blood cell (RBC) component of coronary thrombi with oxidative stress and myocardial reperfusion.

Methods And Results: Aspirated thrombi from 178 STEMI patients within 12 h of symptom onset were investigated immunohistochemically using antibodies against platelets, RBCs, fibrin, macrophages, and neutrophils [myeloperoxidase (MPO)].

Extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes associated with uterine cancer: a report of 3 cases.

We report 3 cases of extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis incidentally found in pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes in association with uterine cancers. Three women, 47-year-old, 59-year-old, and 71-year-old, respectively, had uterine cancers and underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and paraaortic lymph node excision. None of the 3 patients had tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis in other organs.

A decline in platelet activation and inflammatory cell infiltration is associated with the phenotypic redifferentiation of neointimal smooth muscle cells after bare-metal stent implantation in acute coronary syndrome.

Aim: This immunohistochemical investigation was to analyze the relationship between platelet activation/aggregation, inflammatory cell infiltration, the differentiation state of neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs), expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and endothelial cell regeneration at sites of bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: Sixteen coronary arteries after stenting were obtained at autopsy from ACS patients. Serial frozen sections were stained with antibodies against SMCs (1A4, HHF-35, CGA-7), macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells, GP IIb/IIIa, P-selectin, PDGF-B, and PDGF-beta receptor.

Phenotypic change and accumulation of smooth muscle cells in strictures in Crohn's disease: relevance to local angiotensin II system.

Background: Intestinal stricture lesions in Crohn's disease are characterized as submucosal fibromuscular accumulation. There has been a controversy about whether the fibrogenic cells in stricture lesions in Crohn's disease originate from a smooth muscle cell or a fibroblast lineage. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate: (1) the origin of the fibrogenic cells in stricture lesions; and (2) the roles of the local angiotensin II system, including mast cell chymase, in stricture formation.

Expression of LYVE-1 in sinusoidal endothelium is reduced in chronically inflamed human livers.

Background: LYVE-1, a specific marker of lymphatics, is expressed in hepatic sinusoidal endothelium. A previous study revealed that LYVE-1 expression in sinusoidal endothelium was reduced in cirrhosis. However, it is still obscure how LYVE-1 expression in sinusoidal endothelium was reduced during the disease progression.

Survival analysis of patients with duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Goals: To evaluate the survival characteristics of patients with duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Background: GISTs represent the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. However, duodenal GISTs are relatively rare, and few studies have been performed with a focus on duodenal GISTs.

Immunohistochemical analysis for Sox9 reveals the cartilaginous character of chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma of the bone.

Chondroblastoma, which is histologically composed of mononuclear cell proliferation and lobules of immature cartilage, and chondromyxoid fibroma, which is composed of myxoid lobules with spindle or stellate cells and a cellular fibrous rim with spindle cells, are both rare tumors. Based on histogenetic investigation including immunohistochemistry, matrix biochemistry, and electron microscopy, chondroblastoma is thought to contain chondrogenic cells, whereas chondromyxoid fibroma is considered to contain myofibroblastic cells, as well as chondrogenic cells, and chondroid matrix. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for Sox9, which is an essential transcriptional factor for chondrogenesis, to examine the possible chondrogenic nature of chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma.

Rabies virus dissemination in neural tissues of autopsy cases due to rabies imported into Japan from the Philippines: immunohistochemistry.

Two Japanese men, 65 and 69 years old, developed rabies in Japan around 2-3 months after dog-bite exposure in the Philippines. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies was made following the detection of rabies virus genome on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from saliva, and on immunohistochemistry of a nuchal skin punch biopsy in one case. The patients died 9 and 19 days after clinical onset.

Surgical resection combined with CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab for a patient with advanced mesenteric diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Herein is described a mesenteric diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) case with a bulky mass which had achieved a complete remission by the combination therapy of a surgical resection and the CHOP chemotherapy with rituximab. A 78 year old man was referred to the Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital due to a left lower abdominal tumor. Abdominal CT and MRI showed a bowel-like mass in the left lower abdominal cavity.

The role of prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy at the time of initial diagnosis of a unilateral ovarian metastasis in cases with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Background/aims: In cases with a macroscopic unilateral ovarian metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, a clear therapeutic policy regarding a prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy is lacking.

Methodology: Four cases of ovarian metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma are presented.

Results: Case 1 is a 63-year-old with ascending colon carcinoma, Dukes' C, and right oophorectomy due to metachronous ovarian metastasis.

Successfully-treated mesenteric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving hepatic mass--a case report.

A mesenteric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma which also involves the liver is very rare. We describe herein a mesenteric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with hepatic involvement successfully treated by the combination of surgical resection and multiagent chemotherapy. A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a right lower abdominal tumor.

Nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumor presenting with hemorrhage from isolated gastric varices.

Hemorrhage from gastric varices due to left-sided portal hypertension is an unusual presentation for pancreatic endocrine tumor. A case of pancreatic endocrine tumor presenting with gastric variceal hemorrhage secondary to left-sided portal hypertension associated with splenic vein occlusion is presented. A 53-year-old man with hemorrhage from isolated gastric varices was referred to our hospital.