BLV-CoCoMo Dual qPCR Assay Targeting LTR Region for Quantifying Bovine Leukemia Virus: Comparison with Multiplex Real-Time qPCR Assay Targeting Region.

The proviral load (PVL) of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. Real-time quantitative PCR techniques are widely used for PVL quantification. We previously developed a dual-target detection method, the "Liquid Dual-CoCoMo assay", that uses the coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers.

Development of Dry and Liquid Duplex Reagent Mix-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays as Novel Tools for the Rapid and Easy Quantification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Proviral Loads.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is prevalent worldwide, causing serious problems in the cattle industry. The BLV proviral load (PVL) is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. We previously developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the PVL using the coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers.

Purification of living environments using photocatalysts: Inactivation of microorganisms and decomposition of allergens.

Many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are prevalent, and the number of patients with allergies is increasing. Therefore, the importance of purifying the living environment is increasing. Photocatalysts undergo extreme redox reactions and decompose organic matter upon exposure to the excitation light.

Polymorphism Associated with Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection and Proviral Load in Holstein Cattle in Egypt.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most prevalent neoplastic disease of cattle worldwide. The immune response to BLV and disease susceptibility and resistance in cattle are strongly correlated with the bovine leukocyte antigen ()- allelic polymorphism. BLV infection continues to spread in Egypt, in part because the relationships between BLV infection, proviral load in Egypt, and polymorphism are unknown.

Effectiveness of integrated bovine leukemia virus eradication strategies utilizing cattle carrying resistant and susceptible major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3 alleles.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has spread worldwide and causes serious problems in the cattle industry owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Bovine leukemia virus is transmitted via horizontal and vertical infection, and cattle with high BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk, are considered major infectious sources within herds. The PVL strongly correlates with highly polymorphic bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles.

TiO-Photocatalyst-Induced Degradation of Dog and Cat Allergens under Wet and Dry Conditions Causes a Loss in Their Allergenicity.

Allergies to dogs and cats can cause enormous damage to human health and the economy. Dog and cat allergens are mainly found in dog and cat dander and are present in small particles in the air and in carpets in homes with dogs and cats. Cleaning houses and washing pets are the main methods for reducing allergens in homes; however, it is difficult to eliminate them completely.

Influence of Polymorphism and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Infection on Dairy Cattle Productivity.

Enzootic bovine leukosis caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) results in substantial damage to the livestock industry; however, we lack an effective cure or vaccine. polymorphism in BLV-infected cattle is associated with the proviral load (PVL), infectivity in the blood, development of lymphoma, and in utero infection of calves. Additionally, it is related to the PVL, infectivity, and anti-BLV antibody levels in milk.

Application of the Luminescence Syncytium Induction Assay to Identify Chemical Compounds That Inhibit Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection causes endemic bovine leukemia and lymphoma, resulting in lower carcass weight and reduced milk production by the infected cattle, leading to economic losses. Without effective measures for treatment and prevention, high rates of BLV infection can cause problems worldwide. BLV research is limited by the lack of a model system to assay infection.

Correlation between the Biodistribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Organs and the Proviral Load in the Peripheral Blood during Early Stages of Experimentally Infected Cattle.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. However, the propagation and distribution of BLV after primary infection still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we experimentally infected seven cattle with BLV and analyzed the BLV proviral load (PVL) in the blood and various organs.

Anti-BLV antibodies in whey correlate with bovine leukemia virus disease progression and polymorphism.

Introduction: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the family and is a causative agent for enzootic bovine leucosis, the most common neoplastic disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV proviral load (PVL) is associated with disease progression and transmission risk but requires blood collection and quantitative PCR testing. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey have been used as a diagnostic tool for BLV infection; however, quantitative utilization has not been fully investigated.

Antigenicity of subregions of recombinant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoprotein gp51 for antibody detection.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an enveloped virus, found worldwide that can infect cattle and induce many subclinical symptoms and malignant tumors. BLV infection causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry. The identification of BLV-infected cattle for segregation or elimination would be the most effective way to halt the spread of BLV infection on farms, owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines.

Epigallocatechin Gallate Stabilized by Cyclodextrin Inactivates Influenza Virus and Human Coronavirus 229E.

Natural products are attractive antiviral agents because they are environment-friendly and mostly harmless. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a type of catechin, is a well-known natural antiviral agent that can inhibit various viruses. However, EGCg easily oxidizes and loses its physiological activity.

WO Photocatalyst Containing Copper Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Pango Lineage A and Omicron BA.2 Variant in Visible Light and in Darkness.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, which has been a global pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through contaminated surfaces and aerosols, environmental disinfection is important to block the spread of the virus. Photocatalysts are attractive tools for virus inactivation and are widely used as air purifiers and coating materials.

A Novel Class of HIV-1 Inhibitors Targeting the Vpr-Induced G2-Arrest in Macrophages by New Yeast- and Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein, Vpr, arrests the cell cycle of the G2 phase, and this Vpr-mediated G2 arrest is implicated in an efficient HIV-1 spread in monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we screened new candidates for Vpr-targeting HIV-1 inhibitors by using fission yeast- and mammalian cell-based high-throughput screening. First, fission yeast strains expressing the HIV-1 Vpr protein were generated and then treated for 48 h with 20 μM of a synthetic library, including 140,000 chemical compounds.

Comprehensive Comparison of Novel Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Integration Sites between B-Cell Lymphoma Lines BLSC-KU1 and BLSC-KU17 Using the Viral DNA Capture High-Throughput Sequencing Method.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle and integrates into host DNA, causing enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Here, we developed a novel proviral DNA-capture sequencing (proviral DNA-capture-seq) method investigating BLV proviral integration in two B-cell lymphoma lines, BLSC-KU1 and BLSC-KU17, derived from BLV-infected cattle with EBL. We designed BLV-specific biotinylated probes to capture the provirus genome and enrich libraries for next-generation sequencing.

No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA and antibodies in human specimens from Japan.

Background: The potential risk and association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with human remains controversial as it has been reported to be both positive and negative in human breast cancer and blood samples. Therefore, establishing the presence of BLV in comprehensive human clinical samples in different geographical locations is essential.

Result: In this study, we examined the presence of BLV proviral DNA in human blood and breast cancer tissue specimens from Japan.

Polymorphism Controls Proviral Load and Infectivity of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Milk.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which causes enzootic bovine leukosis, is transmitted to calves through the milk of BLV-infected dams. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)- is a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and proviral load (PVL). However, the effect of polymorphism on the infectivity and PVL of milk from BLV-infected dams remains unknown.

Huntingtin-Interacting Protein 1 Promotes Vpr-Induced G2 Arrest and HIV-1 Infection in Macrophages.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) modulates the host cell cycle. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr arrests the cell cycle at the G2 phase in dividing cells, and the ability of Vpr to induce G2 arrest is well conserved among primate lentiviruses. Additionally, Vpr-mediated G2 arrest likely correlates with enhanced HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived macrophages.

Kinetic Study of BLV Infectivity in BLV Susceptible and Resistant Cattle in Japan from 2017 to 2019.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Polymorphism in bovine lymphocyte antigen alleles is related to susceptibility to BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. However, whether differential affects BLV infectivity remains unknown.

A novel real time PCR assay for bovine leukemia virus detection using mixed probes and degenerate primers targeting novel BLV strains.

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. We previously developed the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the proviral loads of BLV using coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers. We here found four single mutations within the probe region of the original BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR assay, three of which have negative impact on its sensitivity in the probe sequences of the long terminal regions of the BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2 assay, using genomic DNA from 887 cows from 27 BLV-positive farms via a nationwide survey conducted in 2011 and 2017 in Japan.

UVC disinfects SARS-CoV-2 by induction of viral genome damage without apparent effects on viral morphology and proteins.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a pandemic threat worldwide and causes severe health and economic burdens. Contaminated environments, such as personal items and room surfaces, are considered to have virus transmission potential. Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has demonstrated germicidal ability and removes environmental contamination.