Effects of adenoid hypertrophy on nasopharyngeal airway ventilation: A computational fluid dynamics study.

Objectives: Adenoid hypertrophy causes impaired nasopharyngeal airways (NA) ventilation. However, it is difficult to evaluate the ventilatory conditions of NA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the nasopharyngeal airway resistance (NA) based on computational fluid dynamics simulations and the nasopharyngeal airway depth (NA) and adenoid hypertrophy grade measured on cephalometric cone-beam computed tomography images and determine the relationship between NA and grade and NA to ultimately assess using cephalometric measurements whether NA has airway obstruction defects.

Lip and facial training improves lip-closing strength and facial morphology.

Objective: Childhood is an important period for lip-closing strength (LCS) development, and failure to acquire LCS during childhood leads to various adverse health effects, such as mouth breathing. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of device-free lip and facial training in preschool children.

Design: The participants were divided into training and control groups.

Does rapid maxillary expansion improve nasal airway obstruction? A computer fluid dynamics study in patients with nasal mucosa hypertrophy and obstructive adenoids.

Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) expands the maxillary dentition laterally and improves nasal airway obstruction. However, the incidence of nasal airway obstruction improvement after RME is approximately 60%. This study aimed to clarify the beneficial effects of RME on nasal airway obstruction in specific pathologic nasal airway diseases (nasal mucosa hypertrophy and obstructive adenoids) using computer fluid dynamics.

Effect of adenoids and tonsil tissue on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea severity determined by computational fluid dynamics.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder caused by the obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. The most common cause of pediatric OSA is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line treatment for pediatric OSA; however, OSA persists in a significant number of patients due, in part, to the method of evaluating enlarged adenoids and tonsil tissue.

Relationship between pharyngeal airway depth and ventilation condition in mandibular setback surgery: A computational fluid dynamics study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anteroposterior depth (APD) of the pharyngeal airway (PA) where post-operative PA obstruction was predicted, using computer fluid dynamics (CFD), in order to prevent obstructive sleep apnoea after mandibular setback surgery.

Settings And Sample Population: Nineteen skeletal Class III patients (8 men; mean age, 26.7 years) who required mandibular setback surgery had computed tomography images taken before and 6 months after surgery.