Generality Assessment of a Model Considering Heterogeneous Cancer Cells for Predicting Tumor Control Probability for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The generality of a model for predicting tumor control probability from in vitro clonogenic survival considering of cancer stem-like cells, the so-called integrated microdosimetric-kinetic model, is presented by comparing the model to public data on stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Are Online Simulations for Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness Less Effective in Teaching Than Face-to-Face Simulations?

Objective: The study clarified differences in understanding and satisfaction between face-to-face and online training on radiation emergency medical preparedness (REMP) training.

Methods: The training was held at Hirosaki University between 2018 and 2022, with 46 face-to-face participants and 25 online participants.

Results: Face-to-face training was significantly more understandable than online for the use of the Geiger counter ( < 0.

Monte Carlo simulations of organ and effective doses and dose-length product for dental cone-beam CT.

Objectives: The use of dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) has increased in recent years. We aimed to calculate the organ and effective doses in dental CBCT using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and to correlate the effective dose with the dose-length product (DLP), which is a radiation dose index.

Methods: Organ and effective doses were calculated by MCS using the adult male and female reference phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 110 in a half-rotation scan of the CBCT scanner Veraviewepocs 3Df.

Translational study for stereotactic body radiotherapy against non-small cell lung cancer, including oligometastases, considering cancer stem-like cells enable predicting clinical outcome from in vitro data.

Background: Curative effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been evaluated using various biophysical models. Because such model parameters are empirically determined based on clinical experience, there is a large gap between in vitro and clinical studies. In this study, considering the heterogeneous cell population, we performed a translational study to realize the possible linkage based on a modeling approach.

DNA‑PKcs phosphorylation specific inhibitor, NU7441, enhances the radiosensitivity of clinically relevant radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Radioresistant cancer cells lead to poor prognosis after radiotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the DNA damage response of clinically relevant radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC2-R cells, established by long-term exposure of parental HSC2 cells to fractionated radiation, was investigated.

4-Methylumebelliferone Enhances Radiosensitizing Effects of Radioresistant Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Suppression.

Radioresistant (RR) cells are poor prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and metastasis after radiotherapy. The hyaluronan (HA) synthesis inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), shows anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects through suppressing HA synthase (HAS) expression in various cancer cells. We previously reported that the administration of 4-MU with X-ray irradiation enhanced radiosensitization.

Service-Learning Experiences Related to Health Support Activities for Residents Who Have Returned Home after Evacuation Due to a Radiation Disaster.

Hirosaki University has regularly offered health support activities to residents of X town in Fukushima, and thus, some interactive benefits are expected as a service-learning experience for nursing students. This study aimed to clarify the experiences of students who participated in service-learning and consider which methods and content were effective. In total, 52 nursing students were recruited into the program, which was held from 2018 to 2021.

Training of Medical Responders to Nuclear Disaster: Hybrid Program in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The spread of COVID-19 has made it difficult to provide training in medical treatment in a radiation disaster. In this study, we will examine the effects and challenges of using a hybrid approach that combines online and face-to-face components.

Methods: A total of 5 face-to face and 25 online medical staff participated in the training program.

Identification of novel prognostic factors focusing on clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has attracted extensive attention as an effective treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, the factors affecting prognosis after SBRT have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) after SBRT.

Tumor radioresistance caused by radiation-induced changes of stem-like cell content and sub-lethal damage repair capability.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) within solid tumors exhibit radioresistance, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis after radiotherapy. To experimentally study the characteristics of CSCs, radioresistant cell lines were successfully established using fractionated X-ray irradiation. The fundamental characteristics of CSCs in vitro have been previously reported; however, the relationship between CSC and acquired radioresistance remains uncertain.

The Effect of High-Dose-Rate Pulsed Radiation on the Survival of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cells.

We demonstrated that low dose pulsed radiation (0.25 Gy) at a high-dose-rate, even for very short intervals (10 s), decreases cell survival to a greater extent than single exposure to a similar total dose and dose rate. The objective of this study was to clarify whether high-dose-rate pulsed radiation is effective against SAS-R, a clinically relevant radioresistant cell line.

4-Methylumbelliferone administration enhances radiosensitivity of human fibrosarcoma by intercellular communication.

Hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a candidate of radiosensitizers which enables both anti-tumour and anti-metastasis effects in X-ray therapy. The curative effects under such 4-MU administration have been investigated in vitro; however, the radiosensitizing mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects under 4-MU treatment from cell experiments and model estimations.

Estimation of Effect of Radiation Dose Reduction for Internal Exposure by Food Regulations under the Current Criteria for Radionuclides in Foodstuff in Japan Using Monitoring Results.

This study examined the effect of food regulations under the current criteria (e.g., 100 Bq/kg for general foods) established approximately a year after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activated by Ultraviolet-B Degrades Human Ciliary Zonules .

The ciliary zonules, also known as the zonules of Zinn, help to control the thickness of the lens during focusing. The ciliary zonules are composed of oxytalan fibers, which are synthesized by human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (HNPCEC). The ciliary zonules are exposed to ultraviolet (UV), especially UV-A and UV-B, throughout life.

Apparent diffusion coefficient measurement using thin-slice diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: assessment of measurement errors and repeatability.

We investigated the measurement error and repeatability of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained using thin-slice imaging. Diffusion-weighted images of an ice-water phantom were acquired using 1.5-T and 3.

Prognostic value of quantitative FDG-PET in the prediction of survival and local recurrence for patients with advanced oral cancer treated with superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy.

The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) standardized uptake value (SUV) [pre-treatment SUV (pre-SUV) and post-treatment SUV (post-SUV)] and treatment results in patients with advanced oral cancer treated with superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (SSIACRT). A total of 37 patients with advanced oral cancer were treated with SSIACRT. The treatment consisted of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy (docetaxel (DOC) 40 mg/mm and nedaplatin (CDGP) 80 mg/mm) and concurrent radiotherapy (60-70 Gy) for a period of seven weeks.

4-methylumbelliferone inhibits clonogenic potency by suppressing high molecular weight-hyaluronan in fibrosarcoma cells.

The inflammatory response is closely associated with cancer cell survival. It has been reported that inflammatory signaling cascades promote tumor survival and exert detrimental effects in normal tissue. Hyaluronans have different cellular functions depending on their molecular weights and high molecular weight-hyaluronan (HMW-HA) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.

THE IMPACT ON THE EYE LENS OF RADIATION EMITTED BY NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES (LEAD-210) PRESENT IN RADIATION PROTECTION GLASSES.

Most radiation protection items made from modern lead contain 210Pb. This study estimated the impact on eye lens of radiation derived from the 210Pb in three types of radiation protection glasses. The counts from the glasses were measured using a Geiger-Müeller survey meter.

Analysis of the high-dose-range radioresistance of prostate cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, based on a stochastic model.

In radiotherapy, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are well recognized as one of the radioresistant cell types. Even in a small subpopulation, CSCs may have an influence on tumor control probability, represented by cell killing after irradiation. However, the relationship between the percentage content of CSCs and the cell survival dose-response curve has not yet been quantitatively clarified.

Regulation of radiosensitivity by 4-methylumbelliferone via the suppression of interleukin-1 in fibrosarcoma cells.

Tumor recurrence and distant metastasis following radiotherapy, which can lead to poor prognosis, are caused by residual cancer cells that acquire radioresistance. Chemotherapy or a combination of targeted inhibitors can potentially enhance radiation sensitivity and prevent metastasis. It was previously reported that co-administration of the hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) enhanced the lethality of X-ray irradiation in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and decreased their invasiveness to a greater extent than either treatment alone.