Videoconference-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Parents of Adolescents With Internet Addiction: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The rise in internet addiction, including web-based gaming and social networking services, is a serious concern. Even with access to medical institutions and counseling services, individuals with internet addiction, particularly adolescents, often refuse medical treatment or counseling. Parent-focused psychological intervention may lead to positive outcomes by improving the parent-adolescent relationship and helping parents identify and modify their adolescent's problematic behaviors, including internet addiction.

Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10)-Associated Mutations of PYCR2 Form Large Size Mitochondria, Inhibiting Oligodendroglial Cell Morphological Differentiation.

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10) is an autosomal recessive disease related to myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, myelin sheaths are derived from differentiated plasma membranes of oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglial cells) and surround neuronal axons to achieve neuronal functions. Nucleotide mutations of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) gene are associated with HLD10, likely due to PYCR2's loss-of-function.

Parents' Perspectives on Their Relationship With Their Adolescent Children With Internet Addiction: Survey Study.

Background: Parents of adolescents with internet addiction are confronted with their children's internet problems on a daily basis. Parents may notice that adolescents with addiction may also have emotional and behavioral problems, including impulsivity and violence. Parenting styles have been found to be related to internet addiction.

Schnurri 3 promotes Th2 cytokine production during the late phase of T-cell antigen stimulation.

Th1 and Th2 polarization is determined by the coordination of numerous factors including the affinity and strength of the antigen-receptor interaction, predominant cytokine environment, and costimulatory molecules present. Here, we show that Schnurri (SHN) proteins have distinct roles in Th1 and Th2 polarization. SHN2 was previously found to block the induction of GATA3 and Th2 differentiation.

Knockdown of Golgi Stress-Responsive Caspase-2 Ameliorates HLD17-Associated AIMP2 Mutant-Mediated Inhibition of Oligodendroglial Cell Morphological Differentiation.

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 17 is an autosomal recessive disease affecting myelin-forming oligodendroglial cells in the central nervous system. The gene responsible for HLD17 encodes aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2, whose product proteins form a scaffold that supports aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases throughout the cell body. Here we show that the HLD17-associated nonsense mutation (Tyr35-to-Ter [Y35X]) of AIMP2 localizes AIMP2 proteins as aggregates into the Golgi bodies in mouse oligodendroglial FBD-102b cells.

Phospholipase D and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 1 are involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation.

Oligodendroglial cells (oligodendrocytes) differentiate to form the myelin that wraps neuronal axons in the central nervous system (CNS). This myelin sheath supports the propagation of saltatory conduction and protects axons from physical stresses. When oligodendrocytes do not normally differentiate to myelinate axons, their key functions as oligodendrocytes in the CNS are severely impaired.

Spectral response properties of higher visual neurons in Drosophila melanogaster.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can process chromatic information for true color vision and spectral preference. Spectral information is initially detected by a few distinct photoreceptor channels with different spectral sensitivities and is processed through the visual circuit. The neuroanatomical bases of the circuit are emerging.

Alterations of mental defeat and cognitive flexibility during cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: a single-arm pilot study.

Objective: Mental defeat affects the occurrence and chronicity of depression and cognitive flexibility. This study aimed to examine changes in mental defeat and cognitive flexibility scores after cognitive behavioral therapy including IR. In the intervention group, patients with depression (n = 18, mean age = 37.

Data on the effects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N-associated AARS missense mutation (Arg329-to-His) on the cell biological properties.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diseases are genetic neuropathies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Type 1 CMT diseases are neuropathies in Schwann cells, PNS myelinating glial cells, whereas type 2 CMT diseases are axonal neuropathies. In addition, there are other types of categories in CMT diseases.

Treatment Preferences for Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Japan: Online Survey.

Background: The internet has the potential to increase individuals' access to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia at low cost. However, treatment preferences regarding internet-based computerized CBT for insomnia have not been fully examined.

Objective: The aim was to conduct an anonymous online survey to evaluate treatment preferences for insomnia among patients with insomnia and individuals without insomnia.

Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Real-Time Therapist Support via Videoconference for Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder: Pilot Single-Arm Trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Patients in rural areas can access CBT via the internet. The effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been consistently shown, but no clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of ICBT with real-time therapist support via videoconference for OCD, PD, and SAD at the same time.

Does cognitive behavioral therapy alter mental defeat and cognitive flexibility in patients with panic disorder?

Objective: Mental defeat and cognitive flexibility have been studied as explanatory factors for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. This study examined mental defeat and cognitive flexibility scores in patients with panic disorder (PD) before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and compared them to those of a gender- and age-matched healthy control group.

Results: Patients with PD (n = 15) received 16 weekly individual CBT sessions, and the control group (n = 35) received no treatment.

Exploratory study of imagery rescripting without focusing on early traumatic memories for major depressive disorder.

Background: Mental imagery has a more powerful impact on our emotions than thinking in words about the same material. Treating intrusive images with imagery rescripting (IR) has been reported for various disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder. There has been less research about IR as a major depressive disorder (MDD).

Data on the effect of knockout of cytohesin-1 in myelination-related protein kinase signaling.

Cytohesin-1 is the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of Arf6, a small GTPase of Arf family, and participates in cellular morphological changes. Knockout mice of cytohesin-1 exhibit decreased myelination of neuronal axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) "Phosphorylation of cytohesin-1 by Fyn is required for initiation of myelination and the extent of myelination during development (Yamauchi et al., 2012) [1]".

Olfactory coding from the periphery to higher brain centers in the Drosophila brain.

Background: Odor information is processed through multiple receptor-glomerular channels in the first order olfactory center, the antennal lobe (AL), then reformatted into higher brain centers and eventually perceived by the fly. To reveal the logic of olfaction, it is fundamental to map odor representations from the glomerular channels into higher brain centers.

Results: We characterize odor response profiles of AL projection neurons (PNs) originating from 31 glomeruli using whole cell patch-clamp recordings in Drosophila melanogaster.

Data supporting the role of Fyn in embryonic sciatic nerve fasciculation.

Fyn is the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that has critical roles in many aspects of biological functions. In the central [1] and peripheral nervous systems [2], [3], Fyn plays the key role in initiating myelination by myelin-forming glial cells (Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes). Herein we provide the data regarding the role of Fyn in fasciculation and branching of embryonic peripheral nerves.

Data on the effect of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 6 (HLD6)-associated mutations on the TUBB4A properties.

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is genetic demyelinating or dysmyelinating disease and is associated with at least 13 responsible genes. The mutations seem likely cause the functional deficiency of their gene products. HLD4- and HLD5-associated HSPD1 and FAM126A mutations affect biochemical properties of the gene products (Miyamoto et al.

Morphology and physiology of antennal lobe projection neurons in the hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli.

The neuronal pathways involved in the processing of sex pheromone information were investigated in the hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), which uses (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadienal (E11,E13-16:Ald) as the single sex pheromone component. We first clarified the anatomical organization of the antennal lobe of A. convolvuli.

Use of capillary electrophoresis with dual-opposite end injection for simultaneous analysis of small ions in saliva samples from wrestlers undergoing a weight training program.

Capillary electrophoresis-capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D), conducted using an in-house-developed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated capillary system, was applied for the simultaneous analysis of small anions and cations in saliva samples from wrestlers undergoing a weight training program. Use of the PVA capillary for CE provided good reproducible ion separation with minimization of the electroosmotic flow and suppression of protein adsorption onto the capillary wall. Four cations and eight anions were separated in 12min, using a background electrolyte of 20mM MES/20mM histidine and 18-crown-6 ether (pH 6) at 20kV.

Drosophila Avoids Parasitoids by Sensing Their Semiochemicals via a Dedicated Olfactory Circuit.

Detecting danger is one of the foremost tasks for a neural system. Larval parasitoids constitute clear danger to Drosophila, as up to 80% of fly larvae become parasitized in nature. We show that Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults avoid sites smelling of the main parasitoid enemies, Leptopilina wasps.

Interferon-γ constrains cytokine production of group 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce a significant amount of interleukin-5 (IL-5), which supports eosinophil responses in various tissues; they also produce IL-13, which induces mucus production and contributes to tissue repair or fibrosis. The ILC2s are activated by alarmins, such as IL-33 released from epithelia, macrophages and natural killer T (NKT) cells in response to infection and allergen exposure, leading to epithelial injury. We examined gene expression in lung ILC2s and found that ILC2s expressed Ifngr1, the receptor for interferon-γ (IFN-γ).

Noise-robust recognition of wide-field motion direction and the underlying neural mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster.

Appropriate and robust behavioral control in a noisy environment is important for the survival of most organisms. Understanding such robust behavioral control has been an attractive subject in neuroscience research. Here, we investigated the processing of wide-field motion with random dot noise at both the behavioral and neuronal level in Drosophila melanogaster.