Assessment of silent reading ability among glaucoma patients using an eye tracking system with horizontally scrolling text.

Purpose: There have been many reports suggesting that glaucoma patients with visual field defects may have decreased silent reading ability compared with individuals without glaucoma. This study used an eye tracking system to assess the ability of glaucoma patients to silently read horizontally scrolling text.

Methods: Glaucoma patients who met the following criteria were recruited: age of ≤ 70 years, at least one eye with a 10 - 2 threshold on standard automated perimetry, a mean deviation value of n 4.

Comparison of head tilt test between sagging eye syndrome and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy.

Purpose: To investigate the distinction between sagging eye syndrome (SES group) and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy (Trochlear group) in the Bielschowsky head tilt test (BHTT).

Methods: Fifteen patients in the SES group (mean age 74.6 ± 5.

Pupillary Light Reflex and Multimodal Imaging in Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the corresponding alterations of the pupillary response between acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and between different disease categories.

Methods: We recruited patients with unilateral acute and chronic CSC. An eye tracker was applied to determine the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and evaluate the following PLR metrics in healthy eyes: pupil diameter, diameter changes, including relative constriction amplitude (AMP%), and re-dilation ratio (D1%).

Yearly changes in cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia during a 12-year period.

Purpose: The number of patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) has been increasing in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the number and characteristics of patients with AACE examined in our institution during a 12-year period.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with AACE aged < 30 years who suddenly developed diplopia or esotropia and were examined in Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital from January 2008 to December 2021.

Pupillary Responses Reveal Autonomic Regulation Impairments in Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: This study assessed the autonomic nervous system in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by simultaneously measuring pupillary responses and heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods: We recruited 33 patients with CSC and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Using a pupillometry and acceleration plethysmography system, we measured the participants' pupillary light reflex and HRV simultaneously, and compared the following parameters between the two groups: the pupil diameters, diameter changes, and time and frequency domain HRV indices (high frequency power: HF; low frequency power: LF; log LF/HF ratio).

Outcomes of Extraocular Muscle Surgery for Diplopia or Abnormal Head Posture After Treatment of Brain Disease.

Purpose: To report the characteristics and outcomes of extraocular muscle (EOM) surgery for diplopia and abnormal head posture (AHP) after treatment of severe brain diseases such as brain tumor, severe cerebral bleeding and cerebral infarction.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-four patients (mean age 53.7 ± 16.

Surgical management of pediatric patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles.

Purpose: Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a rare nonprogressive disorder characterized by bilateral ptosis, with severely limited ocular motility. We report the treatment outcomes and problems in 3 cases of pediatric CFEOM in which extraocular muscle surgery was performed.

Cases: All the cases showed bilateral ptosis and a chin-up abnormal head posture (AHP).

Pyroglutamic acid stimulates DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

We purified pyroglutamic acid from human placental extract and identified it as a potent stimulator of rat primary hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Pyroglutamic acid dose-dependently stimulated DNA synthesis, and this effect was inhibited by PD98059, a dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) inhibitor. Therefore, pyroglutamic acid stimulated DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes via MAPK signaling.

Effects of beer and hop on ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.

Beer induced the response of the ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors) expressed in Xenopus oocytes, indicating the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like activity. Furthermore, the pentane extract of the beer, hop (Humulus lupulus L.) oil, and myrcenol potentiated the GABA(A) receptor response elicited by GABA.

Effect of 3-O-octanoyl-(+)-catechin on the responses of GABA(A) receptors and Na+/glucose cotransporters expressed in xenopus oocytes and on the oocyte membrane potential.

Recently, 3-O-octanoyl-(+)-catechin (OC) was synthesized from (+)-catechin (C) by incorporation of an octanoyl chain into C in the light of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which are the major polyphenols found in green tea and have strong physiological activities. OC was found to inhibit the response of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABA(A) receptors) and Na+/glucose cotransporters expressed in Xenopus oocytes in a noncompetitive manner more strongly than does C. OC also induced a nonspecific membrane current and decreased the membrane potential of the oocyte, and thus death of the oocyte occurred even at lower concentrations than that induced by C or EGCg.