Addressing knowledge and attitude barriers to lung cancer screening: Development and evaluation of web-based decision aid.

Objective: Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer and overall mortality, but the participation rate remains low. The objective of this study was to develop a decision aid (DA) that addresses the overabundance of healthcare options and barriers to participation in lung cancer screening (LCS) among the general population aged 40-79 years in Korea.

Materials And Methods: The DA was developed by following the International Patient Decision Aid Standards process.

Tuberculosis and osteoporotic fracture risk: development of individualized fracture risk estimation prediction model using a nationwide cohort study.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is linked to sustained inflammation even after treatment, and fracture risk is higher in TB survivors than in the general population. However, no individualized fracture risk prediction model exists for TB survivors. We aimed to estimate fracture risk, identify fracture-related factors, and develop an individualized risk prediction model for TB survivors.

Mid- and long-term risk of atrial fibrillation among breast cancer surgery survivors.

Background: The risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) among breast cancer survivors, especially for younger women, and cancer treatment effects on the association remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risk of AF among breast cancer survivors and evaluate the association by age group, length of follow-up, and cancer treatment.

Methods: Using data from the Korean Health Insurance Service database (2010-2017), 113,232 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer (aged ≥ 18 years) without prior AF history who underwent breast cancer surgery were individually matched 1:5 by birth year to a sample female population without cancer (n = 566,160) (mean[SD] follow-up, 5.

Risk of dementia in survivors of active tuberculosis in Korea: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Concern has been growing regarding post-tuberculosis (TB) morbidities, including neurologic and vascular comorbidities. However, the association between post-TB status and the risk of dementia has been evaluated in only few studies. Therefore, in the present study, the risk of dementia was investigated in a nationwide population-based cohort.

A Web-Based Decision Aid for Informed Prostate Cancer Screening: Development and Pilot Evaluation.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen-based routine screening is not recommended for the general population due to conflicting results with mortality reduction. We aimed to develop a web-based decision aid (DA) for informed decision making for prostate cancer screening.

Methods: Using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) development process model, we developed our DA based on patient and clinician interviews and multidisciplinary expert discussions.

Factors Associated with Long-Term Dietary Supplement Use among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The factors associated with the dietary supplement (DS) use of Asian breast cancer survivors in consideration of the duration of use and types of DS have not been well established.

Methods: We recruited 693 Korean female breast cancer survivors at two university-affiliated hospitals and collected study data through a self-administered questionnaire and a review of medical records. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the multivariable-adjusted association between DS use and study variables.

Current Status and Physicians' Perspectives of Childhood Cancer Survivorship in Korea: A Nationwide Survey of Pediatric Hematologists/Oncologists.

Background: Data on the status of long-term follow-up (LTFU) care for childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) in Korea is lacking. This study was conducted to evaluate the current status of LTFU care for CCSs and relevant physicians' perspectives.

Methods: A nationwide online survey of pediatric hematologists/oncologists in the Republic of Korea was undertaken.

The risk of dementia in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a common feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, there is a lack of population-based study of dementia risk in these disorders. In the present study, the risk of dementia in MS and NMOSD patients in Republic of Korea was estimated.

Risk of fracture in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Purpose: Interest in fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has considerably increased in the last decade. However, few studies have compared the incidence of fractures between patients with MS and NMOSD using a nationwide database. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the risk of fracture between patients with NMOSD and MS compared to that in healthy controls using cohort data from a Korean nationwide database.

Self-reported physical activity behaviors of childhood cancer survivors: comparison to a general adolescent population in Korea.

Purpose: Adequate physical activity (PA) can significantly contribute to the prevention of undesirable health outcomes in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). This study aimed to identify the patterns of PA and related factors in Korean CCS.

Methods: Study subjects were 184 adolescents selected from an ongoing cohort study of Korean CCS and 1,840 sex- and school grade-matched controls randomly selected from the participants of the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey.

Smoking Cessation Reduces the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: There is a lack of data for the incidence of heart failure (HF) according to changes in smoking behaviors.

Objectives: The authors aimed to investigate the effects of smoking behavior change on development of HF.

Methods: In this population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance System database, the authors identified 778,608 current smokers who participated in a health screening program in 2009 and in a follow-up screening in 2011.

Relationship between Serum Testosterone Level and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness among Korean Men and Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Given that the role of serum testosterone on incident cardiovascular disease has been uncertain, it is necessary to find out the relationship between serum testosterone and carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods: The study participants included 1,302 Korean adults (873 men and 429 postmenopausal women) who participated in the Healthy Twin Study and were not receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The participants were classified into three groups: men aged <40 and ≥40 years and postmenopausal women.

Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status in Young and Middle-Aged Adults according to the Meal Frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey.

Background: Previous studies have shown a close relationship between skipping breakfast and nutritional deficiency. However, the impact of regular eating, including lunch and dinner, has not been studied well. We explored the correlation between regularity and frequency of daily meals and nutritional status.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: a Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is believed to increase the risk of esophageal cancer. However, most studies have been conducted in Western countries, focusing on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to investigate the association between MetS and risk of esophageal cancer in nationally representative large dataset in Korea, where esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is predominant.

The impact of the Well-Dying Law in Korea: comparing clinical characteristics and ICU admissions.

Background: Since Korea implemented the Well-Dying Law in 2018, intensive, and end-of-life care have greatly changed. This study sought to determine whether there were any changes in the clinical aspects or appropriateness of intensive care unit admissions before and after the law was implemented.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study for 3 months with patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit before and after the law was implemented.

Risk of stroke in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder: a Nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more likely to develop stroke than those without. However, little is known about the association between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and the risk of stroke. We aimed to estimate the risk of stroke in patients with MS and NMOSD in South Korea.

Risk of Parkinson's disease in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Background: Neurodegeneration is associated with pathogenesis of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD). Parkinson's disease (PD) is a representative neurodegenerative disease, however, whether MS or NMOSD is associated with risk of PD is not known.

Methods: MS and NMOSD cohorts were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017, using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision diagnosis codes and information in the Rare Intractable Disease management programme.

The relationship between serum sex hormone and cardiac echocardiographic findings in healthy men.

Serum sex hormones are known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but effects in healthy men on cardiac function have not been well quantified. The authors sought to evaluate an association of sex hormones with cardiac structure and function. Study participants were 857 Korean men without significant cardiovascular diseases participating in the Healthy Twin Study.

Factors Associated with Emergency Department Visits and Consequent Hospitalization and Death in Korea Using a Population-Based National Health Database.

We aim to investigate common diagnoses and risk factors for emergency department (ED) visits as well as those for hospitalization and death after ED visits. This study describes the clinical course of ED visits by using the 2014-2015 population data retrieved from the National Health Insurance Service. Sociodemographic, medical, and behavioral factors were analyzed through multiple logistic regression.

Acute myocardial infarction risk in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Background: The link between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and cardiovascular disease is currently unclear.

Objective: To determine the acute myocardial infarction (MI) risk in patients with MS and NMOSD.

Methods: This study analyzed the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between January 2010 and December 2017.

Association of Metabolic Parameter Variability with Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Certain metabolic parameters increase the risk of esophageal cancer. This study investigated the association between the variability in metabolic parameters and esophageal cancer incidence using large nationally representative data. Using the health checkup and claims data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), we included 8,376,233 subjects who underwent NHIS-provided health checkups between 2009 and 2010 (index year) and two or more health checkups within five years before the index year.