Relationship Between the Japanese Physical Fitness Test and the 3-Minute Burpee Test.

Background Japan has conducted a national physical fitness survey every year since 1964, when the first Tokyo Summer Olympics were held. The survey is a test that evaluates eight physical fitness components: speed, total body endurance, instantaneous force, dexterity, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and agility, but it requires specialized equipment and space, and it takes time to measure them all. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the 3-minute burpee test (3MBT), which has been reported to be associated with various physical fitness components, and a "new physical fitness test.

Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate prevents blood-aqueous barrier breakdown after anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs.

This study investigated the preventive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate (5-ALA/SFC) on blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown induced after anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) in beagles. 5-ALA/SFC (1/0.64 mg/kg or 3/1.

Gene expression signatures of human senescent corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the senescent phenotypes of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

Methods: We examined cell morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, cell proliferation, and expression of senescence markers (p16 and p21). RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to compare gene expression profiles between senescent and non-senescent cells.

Sodium Ferrous Citrate and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Exert a Therapeutic Effect on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats.

The metabolism of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is more efficient when combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC). Our previous study revealed that oral administration of ALA, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and SFC (ALA/SFC) immediately before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation suppressed endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. However, the therapeutic effect of ALA/SFC post-administration remains unexplored.

The 3-Minute Burpee Test: A Minimalistic Alternative to the Conventional Estimated Oxygen Uptake Test.

Background Maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength are fundamental components of physical fitness. Improving these capacities is highly beneficial to health. The validity of maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength has been widely emphasized in clinical, sports, and research-related settings.

Dyslipidemia Exacerbates Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: Dry eye is a multifactorial and common age-related ocular surface disease. Dyslipidemia has been reported to be involved in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, it has not been clearly identified which lipid abnormality is responsible for MGD.

Effects of Oral 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. EIU was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). During LPS injection, 5-ALA diluted with saline was administered via gastric gavage.

Retention, Bacterial Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation between Anionic and Zwitterionic Bandage Contact Lenses in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to compare the in vitro and in vivo retention, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation between anionic and zwitterionic bandage contact lenses (BCLs) in healthy canines. BCL retention and tolerance were evaluated in 10 healthy canines via a single-masked, crossover study for 7 days. To compare in vitro bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, four strains were incubated with the BCLs at 37 °C for 2 or 24 h, and the bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) adhering to the BCLs were counted.

Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Improve the Ocular Hypotensive Effect of Twice Daily Topical Timolol Maleate in Healthy Dogs.

Timolol maleate (TM), a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is widely used for canine antiglaucoma eye drops; however, its bioavailability is <5%. Our previous study revealed that magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (nMH) have potency in improving the bioavailability of fixed-combined TM in rodent models. This study aimed to investigate whether the fixed combination with nMH improves the ocular hypotensive effect of TM and affects pupil size (PS), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in clinically healthy dogs.

Primary cell culture of canine corneal endothelial cells.

Objective: To establish a primary cell culture and clarify the characteristics of canine corneal endothelial cells in vitro.

Procedures: The eyes were enucleated from dogs that were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Enucleated canine eyes were dissected, and the intact corneas were isolated from the globes.

Usefulness of pericardial lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether lung ultrasonography (LUS) performed around the heart, where the lungs are in contact with the pericardium (ie, pericardial LUS), could be used for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD).

Animals: 15 control dogs with healthy hearts and 26 dogs with DMVD.

Procedures: In a prospective multicenter study design, dogs with DMVD were assigned to 2 groups: those with CPE (n = 11) and those without CPE (15).

Evaluation of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I concentrations for assessment of disease severity in dogs with naturally occurring mitral valve disease.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical usefulness of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) concentrations for assessment of disease severity in dogs with naturally occurring mitral valve disease (MVD).

Animals: 316 dogs with MVD and 40 healthy control dogs.

Procedures: Each dog underwent a physical examination and echocardiographic and thoracic radiographic assessments.

Preventive effects of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, on anterior uveitis induced by anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs.

We investigated the effects of tyrosol (Tyr) on anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP)-induced anterior uveitis in beagle dogs, as determined by protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the aqueous humor (AH). Tyr at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg or 2.2 mg/kg of carprofen as a positive control was administered orally twice daily from 2.

Epidemiological study of indirect blood pressure measured using oscillometry in clinically healthy cats at initial evaluation.

We investigated the clinical characteristics of healthy cats in accordance with the target organ damage (TOD) risk category, on the basis of systolic blood pressure (SBP). This prospective multi-center study included 137 healthy cats. Indirect blood pressure was measured using an oscillometric technique.

Comparison of early posttreatment effects of two steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic drugs on the ocular inflammatory response induced by paracentesis in healthy canine eyes.

Objective: We investigated the early posttreatment effects of two steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic drugs on blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown by paracentesis in dogs.

Animal Studies: We studied 21 healthy beagles with normal eyes.

Procedures: Controlled anterior chamber paracentesis (0.

Preparation of chiral 3-oxocycloalkanecarbonitrile and its derivatives by crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation of ketals with chiral 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.

Chiral 3-oxocycloalkanecarbonitriles were prepared by fractional crystallization and crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT) of diastereomeric ketals with (1,2)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol. Investigation of the crystal structures by X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the difference in hydrogen bonds caused the discrepancy of the solubilities between () and () diastereomers. Furthermore, CIDT to afford the ()-diastereomer in good yield (95% yield) and with high diastereoselectivity (97% de) was accomplished, which is the first example of CIDT of neutral compounds formation of the diastereomeric ketal with (1,2)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.

Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor alacepril in dogs with mitral valve disease.

Alacepril is a relatively novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; however, the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of alacepril in terms of cough suppression in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerance, and cough suppression efficacy of alacepril in dogs with MVD. This was a multi-center, prospective study.

Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is useful for assessing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats.

Objective: To measure plasma cTnI concentrations in healthy cats and evaluate the clinical utility of cTnI in determining the severity of HCM.

Animals: Clinically healthy cats (n = 88) and cats with HCM (n = 93).

Relationship between indirect blood pressure and various stages of chronic kidney disease in cats.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of secondary systemic hypertension in cats. We investigated the relationship between indirect blood pressure and the prevalence of systemic hypertension in various CKD stages in cats. Client-owned cats (24 control cats and 77 cats with CKD) were included.

Relative potency of tyrosol in the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.

Tyrosol (Tyr) is a natural phenolic antioxidant with diverse biological activities. We compared the anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered Tyr versus prednisolone (PSL) in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rat model. Intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg Tyr was performed 2 hr before, simultaneously and 2 hr after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.

Tyrosol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced ocular inflammation in rats via inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation.

We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of tyrosol (Tyr) on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. EIU was induced in male Lewis rats by subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tyr (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg) was intravenously injected 2 hr before, simultaneously and 2 hr after LPS injection.

Therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin on endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of post-inflammatory treatment with luteolin on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg luteolin or 1 mg/kg prednisolone (Pred) at 4 hr post-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (200 µg) was associated at 24 hr post-LPS injection with decreased clinical severity scores, number of inflammatory cells, protein levels and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the aqueous humor (AqH) and degrees of histological ocular tissue injury. The anti-inflammatory potency of luteolin was comparable to that of Pred.

Luteolin attenuates endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of luteolin on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. EIU was induced in Lewis rats by subcutaneous injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hr before the LPS injection, 0.

Protecting group-free, selective cross-coupling of alkyltrifluoroborates with borylated aryl bromides via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis.

Orthogonal reactivity modes offer substantial opportunities for rapid construction of complex small molecules. However, most strategies for imparting orthogonality to cross-coupling reactions rely on differential protection of reactive sites, greatly reducing both atom and step economies. Reported here is a strategy for orthogonal cross-coupling wherein a mechanistically distinct activation mode for transmetalation of sp(3)-hybridized organoboron reagents enables C-C bond formation in the presence of various protected and unprotected sp(2)-hybridized organoborons.