Cardiovascular safety and effectiveness of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 3-year, large-scale post-marketing surveillance in Japan.

: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the long-term safety, effectiveness, and clinical relationship with cardiovascular events of vildagliptin have not been evaluated in Japan.: The authors conducted post-marketing surveillance (PMS) to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of vildagliptin in more than 3000 Japanese T2DM patients for up to 3 years.

Safety and efficacy of vildagliptin: 52-week post-marketing surveillance of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in combination with other oral antidiabetics and insulin.

: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that reduces glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When approved in 2013, data on vildagliptin combined with >750 mg/day metformin in Japanese patients were limited. There is a need to confirm the safety and efficacy of vildagliptin in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Relationship of patient background with macro- and microvascular complications: a 2-year post-marketing surveillance of vildagliptin in nearly 20,000 Japanese diabetic patients.

Background: Vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the onset and exacerbation of diabetic complications in Japanese T2DM patients treated with vildagliptin is unknown.

Research Design And Methods: This 2-year post-marketing surveillance (PMS) assessed the real-world safety and efficacy of vildagliptin therapy in 19,218 Japanese T2DM patients. The relationship between the incidence of macro- and microvascular complications with patient characteristics and changes in glycemic control (HbA1c) were evaluated.

Development and experimental verification of a genome-scale metabolic model for Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Background: In silico genome-scale metabolic models enable the analysis of the characteristics of metabolic systems of organisms. In this study, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model of Corynebacterium glutamicum on the basis of genome sequence annotation and physiological data. The metabolic characteristics were analyzed using flux balance analysis (FBA), and the results of FBA were validated using data from culture experiments performed at different oxygen uptake rates.

Analysis of metabolic network based on conservation of molecular structure.

Recent work has revealed much about chemical reactions inside hundreds of organisms as well as universal characteristics of metabolic networks, which shed light on the evolution of the networks. However, characteristics of individual metabolites have been neglected. For example, some carbohydrates have structures that are decomposed into small molecules by metabolic reactions, but coenzymes such as ATP are mostly preserved.