Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition prevents hypercholesterolemia-induced erectile dysfunction independent of changes in markers of autophagy.

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a condition with a rapidly increasing prevalence globally with a strong correlation to the increase in obesity and cardiovascular disease rates.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential role of tubacin, a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor, in restoring erectile function in a hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction model.

Methods: Thirty-nine male C57Bl/6 J mice were divided into 3 groups.

Morphologic prognostic factor for thoracoabdominal aortic dilation after acute type A dissection repair.

Objectives: Risk factors for late-term aortic dilation after acute type A aortic dissection repair have not been well examined. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the abdominal aortic true lumen location and thoraco-abdominal aortic dilation after surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods: Patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with acute type A aortic dissection between April 2014 and July 2022 were included in this study.

The effect of balloon-expandable stent and self-expanding stent on changes in mitral annular motion after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of decalcification and existence of stent at the aortic annulus on mitral annular motion after surgery.

Methods: Patients receiving Inspiris (Edwards, CA, USA, n = 117), Intuity (Edwards, n = 36), Perceval (Corcym, London, UK, n = 36), Evolut (Medtronics, MN, USA, n = 81) and Sapien 3 (Edwards, n = 250) were included in the study. Mitral annular motion was evaluated by E', using tissue doppler imaging.

The effect of stent and decalcification on mitral annular motion after aortic valve replacement.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in mitral annular motion after surgery in patients with aortic stenosis.

Methods: Patients receiving Edwards (Edwards) valves were included in the study. Echocardiographic findings were compared among the three treatments postoperatively, at discharge, and at 1 year after the surgery.

[Subacute Pseudoaneurysm Formation after Sutureless Repair for Postinfarction Left Ventricular Rupture:Report of a Case].

A 71-year-old woman was admitted for cardiac tamponade due to left ventricular free wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Sutureless repair was performed for bleeding from the inferior wall. Fifteen days later, computed tomography demonstrated enlargement of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.

Inhibition of HDAC6 Activity Protects Against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherogenesis : A Role for HDAC6 Neddylation.

We previously reported that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has an important role in endothelial cell (EC) function . However, whether HDAC6 plays a role in atherogenesis and the mechanism(s) that control HDAC6 activity/expression in response to atherogenic stimuli are unclear. The goals of this study were to determine whether HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin attenuates atherogenesis and to elucidate specific molecular mechanism(s) that regulate endothelial HDAC6 expression/activity.

Cerebral autoregulation in the operating room and intensive care unit after cardiac surgery.

Background: Cerebral autoregulation monitoring is a proposed method to monitor perfusion during cardiac surgery. However, limited data exist from the ICU as prior studies have focused on intraoperative measurements. Our objective was to characterise cerebral autoregulation during surgery and early ICU care, and as a secondary analysis to explore associations with delirium.

Comparison of long-term outcomes after trans-catheter aortic valve implantation between patients primarily diagnosed by cardiac murmur and those diagnosed by other reasons.

Careful auscultation is the first step to diagnose aortic stenosis (AS). The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) between the patients primarily diagnosed by heart murmur and those diagnosed by other reasons. We retrospectively included 258 patients who underwent TAVI in our medical center, and divided those into the murmur group (n = 81) and the other-reason group (n = 177) according to the primary reason for AS diagnosis.

Relationship between endothelial function and vascular stiffness on lower limit of cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Hemodynamic management based on cerebral autoregulation range is a possible strategy for preserving major organ perfusion during cardiovascular surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of vascular properties with lower limit of cerebral autoregulation (LLA). LLA was monitored in 66 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Personalized Blood Pressure Management During Cardiac Surgery With Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring: A Randomized Trial.

The purpose of this study was to determine if setting mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) based on individualized cerebral autoregulation data reduces the frequency of neurological complications compared with usual care. Patients (n = 460) ≥ 55 years old at risk for neurological complications were randomized to have MAP targets during CPB to be above the lower limit of transcranial Doppler determined cerebral autoregulation versus usual institutional practices. The primary outcome was the frequency of the composite endpoint of clinical stroke, or new brain magnetic resonance imaging-detected ischemic injury, or cognitive decline 4-6 weeks after surgery from baseline.

Real-Time Intraoperative Determination and Reporting of Cerebral Autoregulation State Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained over a range of blood pressures through cerebral autoregulation (CA). Blood pressure outside the range of CA, or impaired autoregulation, is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used as a surrogate CBF for determining CA, but existing methods require a long period of time to calculate CA metrics.

Endothelial-Specific Overexpression of Histone Deacetylase 2 Protects Mice against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis.

Background/aims: We recently described a novel regulatory role for histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in protecting endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-induced injury. In this study, we examined the effects of endothelial-specific HDAC2 overexpression on endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation and atherogenesis in vivo.

Methods: Endothelial-specific HDAC2-overexpressing transgenic mice (HDAC2-Tg) were generated under control of the Tie2 promoter.

[Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis in Patient with Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome;Report of a Case].

A 66-year-old woman with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) was admitted due to severe dyspnea. Eight months prior to admission, she underwent bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement for mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed thickening bioprosthetic valve leaflets and severe valve stenosis.

Improved cytosolic delivery of macromolecules through dimerization of attenuated lytic peptides.

Intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules is a challenging research field in chemical biology and drug delivery. We previously reported a peptide named L17E, which successfully delivered functional proteins, including antibodies, into cells. However, relatively high concentrations of L17E and proteins are needed.

Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on the Immune Response Associated With Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.

The immune response after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in comparison to that after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) remains to be fully elucidated. In a 2-part study, we assessed laboratory data obtained before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 hours after SAVR (128 patients; age ≥80 [mean 82] years) or transfemoral TAVI (102 patients; age ≥80 [mean 86] years) performed for aortic stenosis. In-hospital mortalities were similar (3% vs 0%), but leukocyte counts and aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinas concentrations were decreased immediately and 24 hours after surgery (all, p <0.

Functional Outcomes of Frail Patients After Cardiac Surgery: An Observational Study.

Background: Although frailty has been associated with major morbidity/mortality and increased length of stay after cardiac surgery, few studies have examined functional outcomes. We hypothesized that frailty would be independently associated with decreased functional status, increased discharge to a nonhome location, and longer duration of hospitalization after cardiac surgery, and that delirium would modify these associations.

Methods: This was an observational study nested in 2 trials, each of which was conducted by the same research team with identical measurement of exposures and outcomes.

miR-181c Activates Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake by Regulating MICU1 in the Heart.

Background Translocation of miR-181c into cardiac mitochondria downregulates the mitochondrial gene, mt-COX1. miR-181c/d hearts experience less oxidative stress during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and are protected against I/R injury. Additionally, miR-181c overexpression can increase mitochondrial matrix Ca ([Ca]), but the mechanism by which miR-181c regulates [Ca] is unknown.

Appetite Predicts Clinical Outcomes in High Risk Patients Undergoing Trans-Femoral TAVI.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been recognized as a standard therapy for severe aortic valve stenosis. However, since some patients who receive TAVI have poor outcomes, the predictors of clinical outcomes after TAVI are important. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between appetite and long-term clinical outcomes.

Deletion of the microRNA-degrading nuclease, translin/trax, prevents pathogenic vascular stiffness.

Vascular stiffness plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Recent studies indicate that the age-associated reduction in miR-181b levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to increased vascular stiffness. As these findings suggest that inhibiting degradation of miR-181b might prevent vascular stiffening, we have assessed whether the microRNA-degrading translin/trax (TN/TX) complex mediates degradation of miR-181b in the aorta.

Effect of Targeting Mean Arterial Pressure During Cardiopulmonary Bypass by Monitoring Cerebral Autoregulation on Postsurgical Delirium Among Older Patients: A Nested Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Delirium occurs in up to 52% of patients after cardiac surgery and may result from changes in cerebral perfusion. Using intraoperative cerebral autoregulation monitoring to individualize and optimize cerebral perfusion may be a useful strategy to reduce the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine whether targeting mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using cerebral autoregulation monitoring reduces the incidence of delirium compared with usual care.

Observational Study Examining the Association of Baseline Frailty and Postcardiac Surgery Delirium and Cognitive Change.

Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome thought to identify the most vulnerable older adults, and morbidity and mortality has been reported to be higher for frail patients after cardiac surgery compared to nonfrail patients. However, the cognitive consequences of frailty after cardiac surgery have not been well described. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that baseline frailty would be associated with postoperative delirium and cognitive change at 1 and 12 months after cardiac surgery.

Perioperative factors associated with aneurysm sac size changes after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Purpose: To identify the perioperative factors associated with aneurysm size changes after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods: Between August, 2008 and December, 2014, 187 patients underwent EVAR treatment in our institution. The subjects of this study were 135 of these patients without peripheral artery disease, who were followed up with computed tomography (CT) for 3 years.

Cognitive Decline after Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

What We Already Know About This Topic: Cardiac surgery is associated with cognitive decline and postoperative delirium. The relationship between postoperative delirium and cognitive decline after cardiac surgery is unclear

What This Article Tells Us That Is New: The development of postoperative delirium is associated with a greater degree of cognitive decline 1 month after cardiac surgery. The development of postoperative delirium is not a predictor of cognitive decline 1 yr after cardiac surgery.

Cerebral Small Vessel, But Not Large Vessel Disease, Is Associated With Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with stroke and other adverse outcomes. Large and small arterial stenosis is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We hypothesize that large and/or small vessel cerebral arterial disease is associated with impaired cerebral autoregulation during CPB.