Impact of modified gelatin on valvular microtissues.

A significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering is the biofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) functional tissues with direct applications in organ-on-a-chip systems and future organ engineering. Multicellular valvular microtissues can be used as building blocks for the formation of larger scale valvular macrotissues. Yet, for the controlled biofabrication of 3D macrotissues with predefined complex shapes, directed assembly of microtissues through bioprinting is needed.