Mitigating toxic metals contamination in foods: Bridging knowledge gaps for addressing food safety.

Background: Reducing exposure to harmful substances in food is highly desired, especially for infants, young children, and pregnant women. A workshop focused on understanding and reducing toxic metal contamination in food was conducted involving leading scientists, educators, practitioners, and key stakeholders in conjunction with the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Scope And Approach: The goal of this review and the workshop was to advance the current knowledge of major toxic metals concerning food safety, .

Overexpression of rice lectin receptor-like kinase, OsLec-RLK, confers salinity stress tolerance and increases seed yield in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.).

OsLec-RLK overexpression enhances cell signalling and salt stress tolerance in pigeon pea, enhancing seed yield and harvest index and thus, enabling marginal lands to increase food and nutritional security. Lectin Receptor-like kinases (Lec-RLKs) are highly effective cell signaling molecules that counteract various stresses, including salt stress. We engineered pigeon pea by overexpressing OsLec-RLK gene for enhancing salt tolerance.

Meta QTL analysis for dissecting abiotic stress tolerance in chickpea.

Background: Chickpea is prone to many abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, salinity, etc. which cause severe loss in yield. Tolerance towards these stresses is quantitative in nature and many studies have been done to map the loci influencing these traits in different populations using different markers.

Structural and functional characteristics and expression profile of the 20S proteasome gene family in Sorghum under abiotic stress.

The 26S proteasome is a molecular machine that catalyzes and degrades protein intracellularly with the help of its core complex called 20S proteasome. The 20S proteasomes degrade and cleave denatured, cytotoxic, damaged, and unwanted proteins via proteolysis and impart biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in model plants. This study identified 20 genes, namely, 10 and 10 that encode for α- and β-subunits of the 20S proteasome in (L.

Strategies for economic utilization of rice straw residues into value-added by-products and prevention of environmental pollution.

Rice straw management, along with the prevalent practice of residue burning, poses multifaceted challenges with substantial environmental and human health implications. After harvest, a considerable amount of straw is left behind, often disposed of through burning, releasing several pollutants into the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO) dominates at 70%, accompanied by methane (CH) at 0.

Nanoparticles as novel elicitors in plant tissue culture applications: Current status and future outlook.

Plant tissue culture is the primary, fundamental, and applied aspect of plant biology. It is an indispensable and valuable technique for investigating morphogenesis, embryogenesis, clonal propagation, crop improvements, generation of pathogen-free plants, gene transfer and expression, and the production of secondary metabolites. The extensive use of various nanoparticles (NPs) in fields such as cosmetics, energy, medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, and biotechnology have demonstrated positive impacts in microbial decontamination, callus differentiation, organogenesis, somatic variations, biotransformation, cryopreservation, and enhanced synthesis of bioactive compounds.

Physiological traits and expression profile of genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorous use efficiency in wheat.

Background: Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) play a very important role in the growth and development of wheat as well as major constituents of biological membranes. To meet the plant's nutritional demand these nutrients are applied in the form of fertilizers. But the plant can utilize only half of the applied fertilizer whereas the rest is lost through surface runoff, leaching and volatilization.

Effect of terminal heat stress on osmolyte accumulation and gene expression during grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The grain-filling stage in Triticum aestivum (wheat) is highly vulnerable to increasing temperature as terminal heat stress diminishes grain quality and yield. To examine the mechanism of terminal heat tolerance, we performed the biochemical and gene expression analyses using two heat-tolerant (WH730 and WH1218) and two heat-sensitive (WH711 and WH157) wheat genotypes. We observed a significant increase in total soluble sugar (25%-47%), proline (7%-15%), and glycine betaine (GB) (22%-34%) contents in flag leaf, whereas a decrease in grain-filling duration, 1000-kernel weight (8%-25%), and grain yield per plant (11%-23%) was observed under the late-sown compared to the timely sown.

Effect of stem structural characteristics and cell wall components related to stem lodging resistance in a newly identified mutant of hexaploid wheat ( L.).

In wheat, lodging is affected by anatomical and chemical characteristics of the stem cell wall. Plant characteristics determining the stem strength were measured in lodging tolerant mutant (PMW-2016-1) developed through mutation breeding utilizing hexaploid wheat cultivar, DPW-621-50. Various anatomical features, chemical composition, and mechanical strength of the culms of newly developed lodging-tolerant mutant (PMW-2016-1) and parent (DPW-621-50), were examined by light microscopy, the Klason method, prostate tester coupled with a Universal Tensile Machine, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Phylogenomic analysis of 20S proteasome gene family reveals stress-responsive patterns in rapeseed ( L.).

The core particle represents the catalytic portions of the 26S proteasomal complex. The genes encoding α- and β-subunits play a crucial role in protecting plants against various environmental stresses by controlling the quality of newly produced proteins. The 20S proteasome gene family has already been reported in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice; however, they have not been studied in oilseed crops such as rapeseed ( L.

Personality traits and behaviour biases: the moderating role of risk-tolerance.

The current research tries to contribute to the prospect theory by examining how personality factors affect behaviour biases. Moreover, the study tries to inspect how risk-tolerance behaviour moderates the relationship between personality traits and behavior biases. The research considered a cross-sectional research design to collect responses from 847 individual investors through a questionnaire.

Structural and functional insights into the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in bread wheat ( L.).

Grain yield is one of the most important aims for combating the needs of the growing world population. The role of development and nutrient transfer in flag leaf for higher yields at the grain level is well known. It is a great challenge to properly exploit this knowledge because all the processes, starting from the emergence of the flag leaf to the grain filling stages of wheat ( L.

Nanotechnology-enabled biofortification strategies for micronutrients enrichment of food crops: Current understanding and future scope.

Nutrient deficiency in food crops severely compromises human health, particularly in under privileged communities. Globally, billions of people, particularly in developing nations, have limited access to nutritional supplements and fortified foods, subsequently suffering from micronutrient deficiency leading to a range of health issues. The green revolution enhanced crop production and provided food to billions of people but often falls short with respect to the nutritional quality of that food.

A machine learning-based approach to determine infection status in recipients of BBV152 (Covaxin) whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for serological surveys.

Data science has been an invaluable part of the COVID-19 pandemic response with multiple applications, ranging from tracking viral evolution to understanding the vaccine effectiveness. Asymptomatic breakthrough infections have been a major problem in assessing vaccine effectiveness in populations globally. Serological discrimination of vaccine response from infection has so far been limited to Spike protein vaccines since whole virion vaccines generate antibodies against all the viral proteins.

Development and characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency responsive genic and miRNA derived SSR markers in wheat.

Among all the nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are the most limiting factors reducing wheat production and productivity world-wide. These macronutrients are directly applied to soil in the form of fertilizers. However, only 30-40% of these applied fertilizers are utilized by crop plants, while the rest is lost through volatilization, leaching, and surface run off.

The profile of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-23) in active alopecia areata.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease due to aberrant T-cell response against hair follicle self-antigens. Previous studies support the role of Th1 cytokines in pathogenesis of AA, but the role of Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokines remains to be fully elucidated.

Objectives: To assess the serum levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), Th17 (IL-23, IL-17A), and Treg (IL-10) pathways in patients of active AA and to correlate their levels with the severity of the disease.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with treatment failure and mortality in pediatric Pneumocystosis.

Data on the genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii causing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among children are still limited, and there are no available data from the Indian subcontinent, particularly associations between genotypes and clinical characteristics. A total of 37 children (62 days-12 years [median 5.5 years]) were included in this study.

Novel dihydropteroate synthase gene mutation in Pneumocystis jirovecii among HIV-infected patients in India: Putative association with drug resistance and mortality.

Objectives: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a debilitating cause of death among HIV-infected patients. The combination trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the most effective anti-Pneumocystis treatment and prophylaxis. However, long-term use of this combination has raised alarms about the emergence of resistant organisms.

species subtypes and associated clinical manifestations in Indian patients.

Aim: Present hospital based study was carried out at our tertiary care centre with an aim to study the distribution of species subtypes in patients with complaints of diarrhea.

Background: species are one of the important causative agents of parasitic diarrhea, amongst which () and ( are the two major species that are associated with human cryptosporidiosis.

Methods: Four hundred and fifty (n=450) diarrheic patients complaining of different types of diarrhea were enrolled in the present study.