Erratum to 'Indian National Association for the Study of Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part-2): Management of Acute Liver Failure' [J Clin Exp Hepatol 10 (2020) 477-517].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.

Indian National Association for the Study of Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part-2): Management of Acute Liver Failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is not an uncommon complication of a common disease such as acute hepatitis. Viral hepatitis followed by antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity are the commonest causes of ALF in India. Clinically, such patients present with appearance of jaundice, encephalopathy, and coagulopathy.

Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part 1): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Presentation and Prognosis.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an infrequent, unpredictable, potentially fatal complication of acute liver injury (ALI) consequent to varied etiologies. Etiologies of ALF as reported in the literature have regional differences, which affects the clinical presentation and natural course. In this part of the consensus article designed to reflect the clinical practices in India, disease burden, epidemiology, clinical presentation, monitoring, and prognostication have been discussed.

Immunoglobulin G4 related pancreaticobiliary disease: Report of two cases highlighting the diagnostic criteria.

Two cases of immunoglobulin (IgG4)-related biliary and pancreaticobiliary disease are reported to define its diagnostic features. Case 1 presented with obstructive jaundice and showed IgG4-related disease (RD) involving right and left hepatic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder. Case 2 presented as periampullary mass.

Clinical profile, etiology and therapeutic outcome in 324 hepatocellular carcinoma patients at a tertiary care center in India.

Objective: To study the profile and outcome of therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India.

Methods: Data analysis of HCC patients enrolled in liver clinic between 1990 and 2005.

Results: We registered 324 HCC patients [males 284 (88%), mean age 52.

HBV genotypes in India: do they influence disease severity?

Aims: Association of HBV genotypes (especially A and D) with severity of liver disease is controversial. We studied the influence of HBV genotypes on liver disease severity among Indian patients.

Methods: We selected 247 HBV infected patients (42 acute hepatitis, 87 carriers, 44 chronic hepatitis B [CHB], 35 liver cirrhosis [LC] and 40 hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may not be a severe disease at presentation among Asian Indians.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to assess their histological severity at presentation.

Methods: Consecutive patients presenting to the liver clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) with raised transaminases to at least 1.5 times upper limit of normal, and histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were included.

Vitamin E-based therapy is effective in ameliorating transaminasemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Comparative trials of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), vitamin E and weight management programs among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lacking.

Aim: To find an effective single agent or combination of agents for management of NAFLD.

Methods: In this retrospective study, consecutive patient with histologically confirmed NAFLD with raised ALT were included.

Gallbladder cancer in India: a dismal picture.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. The data regarding GBC are, however, limited.

Methods: Records of 634 patients with GBC over a 10-year period were examined with regard to the clinical presentation, investigative findings, treatment, operative findings and outcome.

Role of polymerase chain reaction and liver biopsy in the evaluation of patients with asymptomatic transaminitis: implications in diagnostic approach.

Background And Aim: Detection of an asymptomatic rise in the hepatic aminotransferase (ARHA) value has become a distinct and frequent clinical problem. We evaluated a three-step diagnostic algorithm in such patients for maximum yield.

Methods: Consecutive patients with an ARHA value 1.

Molecular adsorbent and re-circulating system.

The molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a non-biological artificial liver support system. Used for almost a decade, there are only two randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of MARS till date. A number of uncontrolled studies have documented a marked improvement in the biochemical parameters of patients after MARS.

Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients of northern India.

Background And Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic response of north Indian patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) to two different treatment regimens of interferon and ribavirin.

Methods: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CH-C attending the Liver Clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi between April 1999 and April 2002 were included in the study. A competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method developed in the authors' laboratory was used for quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA.

Prophylactic phenytoin does not improve cerebral edema or survival in acute liver failure--a controlled clinical trial.

Background/aims: Seizure activity in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) may increase cerebral oxygen requirements and worsen cerebral edema. Recently, prophylactic phenytoin has been recommended to suppress sub-clinical seizure activity evident on electroencephalographic monitoring. To determine the clinical utility of prophylactic phenytoin therapy in patients with ALF.

Predictors of unsuccessful mechanical lithotripsy and endoscopic clearance of large bile duct stones.

Background: Mechanical lithotripsy is used to break large bile duct stones. This study investigated the predictors of unsuccessful mechanical lithotripsy.

Methods: Consecutive patients with bile duct stones underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, sphincterotomy, and basket removal of stones.

Acute liver failure: prognostic markers.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is defined as liver failure occurring within one month of the occurrence of jaundice. The disease has a grim prognosis, with a mortality of 65% to 85%. The management of ALF has till recently been conservative, and newer therapeutic modalities like bioartificial liver, hepatocyte transplant, and extracorporeal liver assist devices have not yet been proven to be successful.

Vaccination for hepatitis A virus is not required for patients with chronic liver disease in India.

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination is recommended worldwide for patients with chronic liver disease to prevent decompensation due to superinfection with HAV. India being endemic for HAV, the prevalence of pre-existing antibodies against HAV due to subclinical exposure to the virus in childhood among patients with chronic liver disease may be high and, therefore, vaccination may not be needed. However, data are lacking on the prevalence of HAV antibody among patients with chronic liver disease in India.

Post cholecystectomy hemobilia: transcatheter embolization of pseudoaneurysms with homemade steel coils.

Two patients presented with hemobilia, one and two months following cholecystectomy. Angiography demonstrated pseudoaneurysms arising form the gastroduodenal and right hepatic arteries. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization of the pseudoaneurysms was successfully performed in both patients using homemade steel coils.

Vaccination against hepatitis A virus may not be required for schoolchildren in northern India: results of a seroepidemiological survey.

Objectives: To evaluate the current seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a sample of schoolchildren above 10 years of age and to determine the prevalence of HAV-induced hepatitis in adults at a tertiary care hospital in northern India between January 1992 and December 2000.

Methods: Sera from 276 male and 224 female schoolchildren aged 10-17 years were tested for anti-HAV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis who attended a liver clinic were tested for the serological markers of HAV, hepatitis B Virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus.