Advancements in 3D skin bioprinting: processes, bioinks, applications and sensor integration.

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of skin bioprinting, revolutionizing dermatological research. The applications of skin bioprinting utilizing techniques like extrusion-, droplet-, laser- and light-based methods, with specialized bioinks for skin biofabrication have been critically reviewed along with the intricate aspects of bioprinting hair follicles, sweat glands, and achieving skin pigmentation. Challenges remain with the need for vascularization, safety concerns, and the integration of automated processes for effective clinical translation.

Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients.

Khilnani GC, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Zirpe KG, Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(S2):S104-S216.

High-Throughput Bioprinting of Spheroids for Scalable Tissue Fabrication.

Tissue biofabrication that replicates an organ-specific architecture and function requires physiologically-relevant cell densities. Bioprinting using spheroids has the potential to create constructs with native cell densities, but its application is limited due to the lack of practical, scalable techniques. This study presents HITS-Bio (High-throughput Integrated Tissue Fabrication System for Bioprinting), a novel multiarray spheroid bioprinting technology enabling scalable tissue fabrication by rapidly positioning a number of spheroids simultaneously using a digitally-controlled nozzle array (DCNA) platform.

Inadequate Completion of Computed Tomography Request Forms of Patients Visiting the Department of Radiology and Imaging in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: From both medical and legal points of view, it is vital that computed tomography request forms should be adequately filled up. It is the responsibility of physicians to collect adequate clinical information that justifies the computed tomography examination and the ethical responsibility of radiological technologists and radiologists is to perform only the justified radiological examinations. Thus, a properly filled request form is crucial for understanding the clinical problem, using the proper protocol for avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure and providing concise radiological reports.

Nested Biofabrication: Matryoshka-Inspired Intra-Embedded Bioprinting.

Engineering functional tissues and organs remains a fundamental pursuit in bio-fabrication. However, the accurate constitution of complex shapes and internal anatomical features of specific organs, including their intricate blood vessels and nerves, remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the Matryoshka doll, here a new method called "Intra-Embedded Bioprinting (IEB)" is introduced building upon existing embedded bioprinting methods.

Intraoperative bioprinting of human adipose-derived stem cells and extra-cellular matrix induces hair follicle-like downgrowths and adipose tissue formation during full-thickness craniomaxillofacial skin reconstruction.

Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) reconstruction is a challenging clinical dilemma. It often necessitates skin replacement in the form of autologous graft or flap surgery, which differ from one another based on hypodermal/dermal content. Unfortunately, both approaches are plagued by scarring, poor cosmesis, inadequate restoration of native anatomy and hair, alopecia, donor site morbidity, and potential for failure.

Synergistic coupling between 3D bioprinting and vascularization strategies.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers promising solutions to the complex challenge of vascularization in biofabrication, thereby enhancing the prospects for clinical translation of engineered tissues and organs. While existing reviews have touched upon 3D bioprinting in vascularized tissue contexts, the current review offers a more holistic perspective, encompassing recent technical advancements and spanning the entire multistage bioprinting process, with a particular emphasis on vascularization. The synergy between 3D bioprinting and vascularization strategies is crucial, as 3D bioprinting can enable the creation of personalized, tissue-specific vascular network while the vascularization enhances tissue viability and function.

Intraoperative Bioprinting of Human Adipose-derived Stem cells and Extra-cellular Matrix Induces Hair Follicle-Like Downgrowths and Adipose Tissue Formation during Full-thickness Craniomaxillofacial Skin Reconstruction.

Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) reconstruction is a challenging clinical dilemma. It often necessitates skin replacement in the form of autologous graft or flap surgery, which differ from one another based on hypodermal/dermal content. Unfortunately, both approaches are plagued by scarring, poor cosmesis, inadequate restoration of native anatomy and hair, alopecia, donor site morbidity, and potential for failure.

Nested biofabrication: Matryoshka-inspired Intra-embedded Bioprinting.

Engineering functional tissues and organs remains a fundamental pursuit in biofabrication. However, the accurate constitution of complex shapes and internal anatomical features of specific organs, including their intricate blood vessels and nerves, remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the Matryoshka doll, we here introduce a new method called 'Intra-Embedded Bioprinting (IEB),' building upon existing embedded bioprinting methods.

Adverse Events during Intrahospital Transport of Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study (I-TOUCH Study).

Background: Critically ill patients are frequently transported to various locations within the hospital for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, which increases the risk of adverse events (AEs). This multicenter prospective observational study was undertaken to determine the incidence of AEs related to intrahospital transport, their severity, and their effects on patient outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We included consecutive unstable critically ill patients requiring intrahospital transport, across 15 Indian tertiary care centers over 5 months (October 11, 2022-February 20, 2023).

Post-operative Pancreatitis as a Predictor of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Patients Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula remains the single most important determinant of morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy. A new entity was proposed by Saxon Connor "Post-Operative pancreatitis", which is defined by raised serum amylase more than the upper limit of institutional serum amylase value on Post-Operative day 0 or 1. There has been shown to be an association between postoperative pancreatitis and postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity of reinforced monetite with chitosan-gelatin electrospun composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

In this study, chitosan-gelatin-monetite (CGM)-based electrospun scaffolds have been developed that closely mimicked the microstructure and chemical composition of the extracellular matrix of natural bone. CGM-based nanofibrous composite scaffolds were prepared with the help of the electrospinning technique, post-cross-linked using ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide solution to improve their stability in an aqueous environment. The prepared chitosan/gelatin (CG) scaffold showed an average fiber diameter of 308 ± 17 nm, whereas 5 and 7 wt% monetite containing CGMand CGMscaffolds, exhibited an average fiber diameter of 287 ± 13 and 265 ± 9 nm, respectively, revealing the fine distribution of monetite particles on the fibrous surface.

High-throughput microgel biofabrication via air-assisted co-axial jetting for cell encapsulation, 3D bioprinting, and scaffolding applications.

Microgels have recently received widespread attention for their applications in a wide array of domains such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell and tissue transplantation because of their properties like injectability, modularity, porosity, and the ability to be customized in terms of size, form, and mechanical properties. However, it is still challenging to mass (high-throughput) produce microgels with diverse sizes and tunable properties. Herein, we utilized an air-assisted co-axial device (ACAD) for continuous production of microgels in a high-throughput manner.

Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components.

Clinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end-stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient-derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung-specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Use and in Bioengineering Applications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released from cells into body fluids, and therefore can travel and convey regulatory functions in the distal parts of the body. EVs can transmit paracrine signaling by carrying over cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, interleukins (ILs), transcription factors, and nucleic acids such as DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, sn/snoRNAs, mtRNAs and circRNAs; these EVs travel to predecided destinations to perform their functions. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve healing and facilitate treatments of various diseases, the allogenic use of these cells is often accompanied by serious adverse effects after transplantation.

Strategies for 3D bioprinting of spheroids: A comprehensive review.

Biofabricated tissues have found numerous applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in addition to the promotion of disease modeling and drug development and screening. Although three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies for designing and developing customized tissue constructs have made significant progress, the complexity of innate multicellular tissues hinders the accurate evaluation of physiological responses in vitro. Cellular aggregates, such as spheroids, are 3D structures where multiple types of cells are co-cultured and organized with endogenously secreted extracellular matrix and are designed to recapitulate the key features of native tissues more realistically.

Gelatin/monetite electrospun scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue: Fabrication, characterization, and in-vitro evaluation.

This work is dedicated to combining nanotechnology with bone tissue engineering to prepare and characterize electrospun gelatin/monetite nanofibrous scaffold with improved physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds possessing fiber diameter in the range of 242-290 nm were prepared after incorporating varying content of monetite nanoparticles up to 7 wt % into the gelatin matrix using the electrospinning technique. Cross-linking of gelatin chains in the scaffold was performed using 0.

3D Bioprinted Silk-Based In Vitro Osteochondral Model for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics.

3D bioprinting of osteochondral tissue offers unique opportunities for enabling precise pharmacological interventions in osteoarthritis (OA). The current study investigates the screening potential of anti-inflammatory drugs using bioprinted inflamed human osteochondral units. The biomimetic hierarchical geometry is bioprinted using silk-based bioinks encapsulating pre-differentiated stem cells, creating an in vitro model.

Chilaiditi's syndrome in a patient under long-term antidepressants- A case report.

Introduction: Chilaiditi's sign is a rare radiological sign characterized by interposition of the colon between diaphragm and liver. It is called Chilaiditi's syndrome if the patient presents with associated symptoms. Its diagnosis is incidental and can be confused with other acute conditions.

Gelatin-based electrospun and lyophilized scaffolds with nano scale feature for bone tissue engineering application: review.

The rebuilding of the normal functioning of the damaged human body bone tissue is one of the main objectives of bone tissue engineering (BTE). Fabricated scaffolds are mostly treated as artificial supports and as materials for regeneration of neo bone tissues and must closely biomimetic the native extracellular matrix of bone. The materials used for developing scaffolds should be biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible.