Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy among the old and oldest-old populations - A case control study.

Objective: Despite increased risks of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) with age, and the continuous growth of the old population proportion, data on endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (eDCR) among the old is lacking. This study aims to evaluate long-term eDCR efficacy and safety in the old and oldest-old population.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study of patients aged 80 ≤ (oldest-old) and 65-79 (old) compared with younger controls who underwent eDCR, between 2002 and 2017.

Five- and 10-Year Outcomes for Primary Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Failure Rate and Risk Factors.

Introduction: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (eDCR) is the preferred approach for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, yet quality data on long-term outcomes is lacking.

Study Design: A retrospective study in a single, academic institution.

Objective: To assess the 5- and 10-year success rates of eDCR, and its associated risks.

Impaired ocular blood flow regulation in patients with open-angle glaucoma and diabetes.

Background:   To elucidate the potential impact of diabetes mellitus on primary open-angle glaucoma pathology through vascular deficiency.

Design:   Cross-section analysis from a longitudinal, prospective study.

Participants:   Eighty-four open-angle glaucoma patients (20 diabetic open-angle glaucoma patients and 64 non-diabetic open-angle glaucoma patients)

Methods:   Patients were analyzed for ocular structure, ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), retrobulbar blood flow and retinal capillary perfusion.

Short-term effects of brimonidine/timolol and dorzolamide/timolol on ocular perfusion pressure and blood flow in glaucoma.

Introduction: To examine the comparative short-term effects of brimonidine/timolol and dorzolamide/timolol on ocular perfusion pressure and retrobulbar blood flow in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and retrobulbar hemodynamics were assessed in 15 patients with OAG (mean age 68.1 years, eight women) with well controlled IOP.

Neurotrophic corneal ulcer after retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine.

An 80-year-old woman with a painful, poorly seeing right eye underwent retrobulbar chlorpromazine injection for pain control. After the injection, the patient's symptoms improved; however, a neurotrophic ulcer developed within 2 weeks after the procedure. It is postulated that chlorpromazine may lead to sensory denervation to the cornea with the subsequent development of neurotrophic keratopathy, as observed in this case.

Endothelin and its suspected role in the pathogenesis and possible treatment of glaucoma.

Purpose: To review the role of endothelin in intraocular pressure control, its effect on the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the outflow facility, effect on ocular blood flow and vascular regulation and the potential role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonism in the therapeutic paradigm of glaucoma.

Methods: A thorough review of the medical literature and a meta-analysis on the level of ET-1 in OAG patients in an attempt to demonstrate the evolving importance of endothelin in glaucoma.

Results: ET-1 has been identified in the plasma in concentrations that are markedly increased in a number of systemic as well as ocular pathologies such as glaucoma where underlying vascular dysfunction and pathology play a role.

The assessment of orbital apical temperature change with local cool compress application.

Purpose: To examine the change in orbital apical temperature over time, with a local ice/water admixture compress placed over the eyelid.

Methods: A six-month-old, 220-pound Landrace/Hampshire/Duroc mixed breed pig was intubated and maintained under anesthesia with a steady average body temperature. An incision in the lateral third of the right lower eyelid along the inferior orbital rim was made, and a digital thermometer was inserted and guided toward the orbital apex by fluoroscopic imaging of the orbit.

Central retinal artery originating from the temporal short posterior ciliary artery associated with intraorbital external-to-internal carotid arterial anastomoses.

Although variations in the peripapillary division pattern of the central retinal artery (CRA) are common, variations in the origin of this artery are seldom reported in the literature. Herein, the authors report a variant of the CRA that originated from the temporal short posterior ciliary artery. Two intraorbital anastomoses were also noted between the internal and external carotid arterial systems: one through the lacrimal artery-middle meningeal artery to the ophthalmic artery and the other through supraorbital artery-recurrent meningeal artery to the ophthalmic artery.

Contrast sensitivity, ocular blood flow and their potential role in assessing ischaemic retinal disease.

Purpose: To examine the definition, evaluation methodology, association to ocular blood flow and potential clinical value of contrast sensitivity (CS) testing in clinical and research settings, focusing in patients with ischemic retinal disease.

Methods: A review of the medical literature focusing on CS and ocular blood flow in ischemic retinal disease.

Results: CS may be more sensitive than other methods at detecting subtle defects or improvements in primarily central retinal ganglion cell function early on in a disease process.

Feasibility of creating a normative database of colour Doppler imaging parameters in glaucomatous eyes and controls.

Colour Doppler imaging (CDI) is a frequently cited methodology for quantifying ocular blood flow velocities. This investigation reviews the feasibility of creating a normative database of CDI parameters in glaucoma patients and controls. A literature search was conducted for CDI studies involving glaucomatous eyes.

Repeatability of retrobulbar blood flow velocity measured using color Doppler imaging in the Indianapolis Glaucoma Progression Study.

Purpose: Determine the repeatability of color Doppler imaging (CDI) measurements in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Patients And Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, observational study of OAG patients participating in the Indianapolis Glaucoma Progression Study. Retrobulbar blood flow velocities and Pourcelot's vascular resistance index (RI) measured with CDI were examined.

Goldmann applanation tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry are not correlated with central corneal thickness in primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and assess their relationship to central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Patients And Methods: GAT, DCT, and CCT were assessed in 116 patients with OAG [mean age 65.9 (10.

Update and critical appraisal of combined timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the effect on ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients.

Topical hypotensive therapy with both timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors has been shown to be efficacious at reducing intraocular pressure. Many prospective studies have also suggested that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors augment ocular blood flow and vascular regulation independent of their hypotensive effects. Although consistent in their findings, these studies must be cautiously interpreted due to the limitations of study design and specific blood flow imaging modalities.

Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in pseudophakic corneal edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the corneal epithelium in pseudophakic corneal edema (PCE).

Methods: Tissue sections were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of corneal buttons removed from 20 patients with PCE during penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and from 11 age-matched control eyes enucleated because of uveal melanoma. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6, and -8; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 proteins in the corneal epithelium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.