A comparison of the ventilatory responses to wearing either a hood or a mask escape respirator with identical nose-cups.

Differences in escape respirator design can influence the wearer's ventilatory response and impact inspired oxygen (O) and carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations. There has been minimal investigation into the differences between hood and mask designs as escape respirators that compare between the ventilatory responses of wearing either a hood or mask escape respirator with an identical nose-cup. Thirty-nine healthy young males participated in the study.

Harnessing machine learning in diagnosing complex hoarseness cases.

Purpose: Traditional vocal fold pathology recognition typically requires expertise of laryngologists and advanced instruments, primarily through direct visualization. This study aims to augment this conventional paradigm by introducing a parallel diagnostic procedure. Our objective is to harness a machine-learning algorithm designed to discern intricate patterns within patients' voice recordings to distinguish not only between healthy and hoarse voices but also among various specific disorders.

Association Between the BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine and the Risk of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Importance: Identification of adverse events after vaccination increases awareness of vaccine-associated complications, leading to early diagnosis and treatment. Evidence remains scarce on the association between the BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Objective: To assess the association between the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and SSNHL.

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This cohort study compares the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic with that during 2018 and 2019 and assesses the association of lockdowns during the pandemic with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Symptoms of central nervous system oxygen toxicity during 100% oxygen breathing at normobaric pressure with increasing inspired levels of carbon dioxide: a case report.

The greatest danger faced by divers who use oxygen-enriched gas mixtures is central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT). CNS-OT is characterised by convulsions resembling grand-mal epileptic seizures, which may terminate in drowning and death. Elevated arterial levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) (hypercapnia) represent a major risk factor for CNS-OT when breathing hyperoxic gas mixtures.

Evaluating the thermal protection provided by a 2‒3 mm wet suit during fin diving in shallow water with a temperature of 16‒20°C.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the thermal protection provided by a 2-3 mm surfing wet suit during at least two hours of fin diving in shallow water with a temperature of 16-20°C. We examined the effect of wearing the suit while diving in cold water on cognitive performance, muscle strength, and hand motor function.

Methods: Subjects were six male well-trained rebreather divers, 19-23 years old, acclimatised to cold.

Evaluating the risk of decompression sickness for a yo-yo dive using a rat model.

Purpose: The frequent ascents made during yo-yo diving may contribute to gas bubble clearance but paradoxically may also increase the risk of central nervous system decompression illness (DCI). We evaluated the risk of DCI due to yo-yo dives with very short surface intervals, using a controlled animal model.

Methods: Dives were conducted on air to a depth of 90 meters (10 atmospheres absolute) for 32 minutes of bottom time, at a descent/ascent rate of 10 meters/ minute.

The Effect of Aging on the Ventilatory Response to Wearing a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Hood Respirator at Rest and During Mild Exercise.

Background: Structural changes in the human body resulting from aging may affect the response to altered levels of O and CO. An abnormal ventilatory response to a buildup of CO in the inspired air due to rebreathing may result in adverse effects, which will impair the individual's ability to function under stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the respiratory response to wearing an escape hood at rest and during mild exercise.

Evidence for the infiltration of gas bubbles into the arterial circulation and neuronal injury following "yo-yo" dives in pigs.

"Yo-yo" diving may place divers at a greater risk of neurologic decompression illness (DCI). Using a rat model, we previously demonstrated that "yo-yo" diving has a protective effect against DCI. In the current study, we evaluated the risk of neurologic DCI following "yo-yo" dives in a pig model.

Assessment of the Risk of Fractures Because of Service on Diesel Submarines: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Submariners are known to have decreased bone mass following periods of long submersion. We examined whether this produces a higher predilection to fractures.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Regional metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: pattern of spread.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine the pattern of spread of WDTC to regional lymph nodes, in patients who presented with clinically positive nodes.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Materials And Methods: Between October 2001 and December 2006, a total of 27 consecutive patients (12 males, 15 females) with clinical evidence of cervical metastasis of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) underwent 28 neck dissections (ND) with a mean follow-up 33.

Hyperbaric therapy for bilateral visual loss during hemodialysis.

Bilateral vision loss during hemodialysis is a rare but devastating entity, with grim prognosis for sight. The etiologies are diverse but share ischemia as a common mechanism. This is a report of a patient with bilateral sight loss during hemodialysis, with early hyperbaric treatment and return of visual acuity to baseline.

Induction of early meconium evacuation: is it effective in reducing the level of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?

This prospective randomized trial evaluated the effect of induction of early meconium evacuation on neonatal jaundice in healthy term neonates. The study group was given glycerin suppository immediately after birth and every 4 hours thereafter, until evacuation of first stool. Glycerin suppository caused faster meconium evacuation but had no effect on mean bilirubin levels at 48 hours.

Underwater hearing and sound localization with and without an air interface.

Hypothesis: Underwater hearing acuity and sound localization are improved by the presence of an air interface around the pinnae and inside the external ear canals.

Background: Hearing threshold and the ability to localize sound sources are reduced underwater. The resonance frequency of the external ear is lowered when the external ear canal is filled with water, and the impedance-matching ability of the middle ear is significantly reduced due to elevation of the ambient pressure, the water-mass load on the tympanic membrane, and the addition of a fluid-air interface during submersion.

Pulmonary edema following closed-circuit oxygen diving and strenuous swimming.

Acute pulmonary edema may be induced by diving and strenuous swimming. We report the case of a diver using closed-circuit, scuba equipment who developed acute dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia following a dive in 18 degreesC (64.4 degrees F) water and physical exertion during the swim back to shore.

Cardiogenic shock complicating acute carbon monoxide poisoning despite neurologic and metabolic recovery.

We report the cases of 2 previously healthy young patients with acute carbon monoxide intoxication who deteriorated to cardiogenic shock in the face of apparent metabolic and neurologic recovery. Prolonged exposure to sublethal levels of carbon monoxide (>24 hours, carboxyhemoglobin level of 20.4% and 22.

Performance of infusion pumps during hyperbaric conditions.

Background: Many hyperbaric facilities use infusion pumps inside the chamber. It is therefore important to ensure that this equipment will perform accurately during hyperbaric conditions. The authors tested the function and accuracy of the Imed 965 and Infutec 520 volumetric infusion pumps, the Easy-pump MZ-257 peristaltic infusion pump, and the Graseby 3100 syringe pump.