Intranasal administration of stem cell-derived exosome alleviates cognitive impairment against subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introduction: Brain damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) currently lacks effective treatment, leading to stagnation in the improvement of functional outcomes for decades. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which effectively attenuate neuronal apoptosis and inflammation in neurological diseases. Due to the challenge of systemic dilution associated with intravenous administration, intranasal delivery has emerged as a novel approach for targeting the brain.

Intravenous Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation through Exosomal miR-125a-3p.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to devastating sequelae, demanding effective treatments. Recent advancements have unveiled the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) produced by infiltrated neutrophils in exacerbating secondary inflammation after SCI, making it a potential target for treatment intervention. Previous research has established that intravenous administration of stem cell-derived exosomes can mitigate injuries.

Artificial intelligence to estimate the tear film breakup time and diagnose dry eye disease.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) remains limited due to the lack of standardized image formats and analysis models. To overcome these issues, we used the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), a video-recordable slit-lamp device, and collected videos of the anterior segment of the eye. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the AI algorithm in estimating the tear film breakup time and apply this model for the diagnosis of DED according to the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) DED diagnostic criteria.

Preparation of recombinant alpha-thrombin: high-level expression of recombinant human prethrombin-2 and its activation by recombinant ecarin.

We have established a large-scale manufacturing system to produce recombinant human alpha-thrombin. In this system, a high yield of alpha-thrombin is prepared from prethrombin-2 activated by recombinant ecarin. We produced human prethrombin-2 using mouse myeloma cells and an expression plasmid carrying the chicken beta-actin promoter and mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene for gene amplification.

Effect of heparin chain length on the interaction with tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a heparin-binding protein involved in the extrinsic blood coagulation system. In order to elucidate the minimal size of heparin chain required for the interaction with TFPI, we prepared a series of heparin-derived oligosaccharides with tailored chain length ranged from disaccharide to eicosasaccharide after the successive treatments of heparin, including partial N-desulphation, deaminative cleavage with nitrous acid and gel-filtration. Affinity chromatography study of each oligosaccharide fraction using TFPI as the ligand indicated that increasing the degree of polymerisation causes increased affinity, and that a remarkable change in the affinity occurs between the decamers and dodecamers.