Association between mode of delivery and pelvic floor dysfunction.

Background: Normal vaginal delivery can cause significant strain on the pelvic floor. We present a review of the current knowledge on vaginal delivery as a risk factor for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse compared to caesarean section.

Material And Method: We conducted a literature search in PubMed with an emphasis on systematic review articles and meta-analyses.

Prevalence, incidence and remission of urinary incontinence in women: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT study (EPINCONT).

Background: To determine incidence and remission of UI as well as changes in UI prevalence in the Norwegian EPINCONT surveys.

Methods: The EPINCONT surveys were conducted in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, as part of two large cross-sectional health surveys (HUNT2 and HUNT3) in 1995 - 1997 (EPINCONT1 (E1)), and 2006 - 2008 (EPINCONT2 (E2)). EPINCONT collected information about prevalence of UI, as well as information about type and severity of UI.

Diabetes related risk factors did not explain the increased risk for urinary incontinence among women with diabetes. The Norwegian HUNT/EPINCONT study.

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary incontinence (UI) in women, especially severe UI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diabetes related variables could explain this association.

Methods: The study is part of the EPINCONT study, which is based on the large Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2 (HUNT 2), performed in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, during the years 1995 - 1997.

Diabetes and urinary incontinence − prevalence data from Norway.

Background: Few large epidemiological studies have investigated whether diabetes might increase the risk for, or cause greater severity of, urinary incontinence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and urinary incontinence, including the possible influence of diabetes on the severity of incontinence.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, population-based, study from the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, from 1995 to 1997.

Familial risk of urinary incontinence in women: population based cross sectional study.

Objective: To determine whether there is an increased risk of urinary incontinence in daughters and sisters of incontinent women.

Design: Population based cross sectional study.

Setting: EPINCONT (the epidemiology of incontinence in the county of Nord-Trøndelag study), a substudy of HUNT 2 (the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag health survey 2), 1995-7.

Vaginal delivery parameters and urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study.

Objective: The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of nine delivery parameters on urinary incontinence in later life.

Study Design: Incontinence data from the EPINCONT study were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Effects of birth weight, gestational age, head circumference, breech delivery, injuries in the delivery channel, functional delivery disorders, forceps delivery, vacuum delivery, and epidural anesthesia were investigated.

Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence? The Norwegian EPINCONT Study.

Objective: To examine whether modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, physical activity and intake of alcohol or caffeinated drinks were associated with urinary incontinence in women.

Design: Cross sectional population-based study.

Setting: The Norwegian Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag (EPINCONT) Study is part of a large survey performed in a county in Norway during 1995-1997.

Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section.

Background: It is uncertain whether women who deliver by cesarean section have an increased risk of urinary incontinence as compared with nulliparous women and whether women who deliver vaginally have an even higher risk.

Methods: We studied 15,307 women enrolled in the Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag (EPINCONT) study, which involved a community-based cohort. The data base for this study was linked to data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

Help-seeking and associated factors in female urinary incontinence. The Norwegian EPINCONT Study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag.

Objectives: To assess the proportion of women who visit their doctor because of urinary incontinence and investigate factors associated with help-seeking.

Design: Postal invitation, questionnaire covering many health topics including urinary incontinence, received at a screening station.

Setting: The Norwegian EPINCONT Study is part of a large cross-sectional population-based survey performed in the county of Nord-Trøndelag during the period 1995-97.