Frequent Use of Premenopausal Progestin in Prior Pre-Eclamptic Women.

Context: Women with a history of pre-eclamptic pregnancy are predisposed to later occlusive vascular diseases.

Objective: We compared the use of cyclic progestins or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) for treatment of menstrual cycle abnormalities between premenopausal women with and without a prior pre-eclamptic pregnancy.

Setting And Participants: Register-based cohort study during 1994-2019 of oral progestin or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in Finnish women with (n=31 688) and without (n=91 726) prior pre-eclampsia in 1969-1993.

Prior pre-eclampsia does not diminish the vascular protective effect of menopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: Women with prior pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may affect this risk. We evaluated the impact of MHT use on cardiovascular risk between women with and without prior pre-eclampsia.

Pregnancy-associated risk factors for future cardiovascular disease - early prevention strategies warranted.

We summarize convincing evidence that future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk increases one-fold to four-fold for women with a history of pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, placental abruption and preterm birth. A concomitant occurrence of two or more complications in the same pregnancy further potentiates the risk. These women should be informed of their future CVD risks during the postpartum check-up taking place after delivery, and also, if needed, treated, for example, for persisting high blood pressure.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy in prior pre-eclamptic women: a nationwide cohort study in Finland.

Objective: We compared the trends of hormone therapy (HT) use among women with and without a history of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: This national cohort study consisted of women with a pre-eclamptic pregnancy ( = 31,688) or a normotensive pregnancy ( = 91,726) (controls) during 1969-1993. The data on their use of HT during 1994-2019 were traced from the National Medicine Reimbursement Register.

Pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular risk: a long-term nationwide cohort study on over 120 000 Finnish women.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of pre-eclampsia on the future cardiovascular risk in Finnish women DESIGN: A registry-based nationwide controlled cohort study.

Setting: Women hospitalised for pre-eclampsia in 1969-1993 and control women with a history of normotensive pregnancies followed from the pre-eclampsia diagnosis until 2019 for cardiovascular outcomes.

Participants: 31 688 women with and 91 726 control women without a history of pre-eclampsia.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Melanoma: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland.

Background: The association between use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cutaneous melanoma is highly debated. We investigated the issue in a Finnish nationwide cohort of women ages 50 years or older.

Methods: All women who had purchased hormone therapy between 1994 and 2007 were identified from the national Medical Reimbursement Registry and linked to the Finnish Cancer Registry.

Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer's disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study.

Objectives: To compare the use of hormone therapy between Finnish postmenopausal women with and without a diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease.

Design: Nationwide case-control study.

Setting: Finnish national population and drug register, between 1999 and 2013.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy is accompanied by elevated risk for uterine prolapse.

Objective: Receptors for estrogen and progesterone are present in the pelvic floor, and therefore, postmenopausal hormone therapy may affect its function. We compared the former use of estradiol-progestogen postmenopausal hormone therapy in nonhysterectomized women with a uterine prolapse surgery (N = 12,072) and control women (N = 33,704).

Methods: The women with a history of uterine prolapse operation were identified from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register, and the control women from the Finnish Central Population Register.

Increased risk for stress urinary incontinence in women with postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The impact of estradiol-based hormone therapy (HT) on the incidence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is unknown. Therefore, we compared the use of such HT regimens and tibolone in women with and without SUI.

Methods: The women with a history of SUI operation (N = 15,002) were identified from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register, and the control women without such an operation (N = 44,389) from the Finnish Central Population Register.

Increased cardiac and stroke death risk in the first year after discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of cardiac and stroke deaths in women who discontinue postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT).

Methods: We analyzed the risk of death due to cardiac (n = 5,204) and cerebrovascular (n = 3,434) causes in Finnish women who discontinued systemic HT during 1994 to 2013 (n = 432,775). The risks were compared with those in the age-matched female background population and with those in age-matched HT users.

Vasomotor hot flashes and cardiac repolarization: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different hormone therapies on cardiac repolarization in recently postmenopausal women with and without hot flashes.

Methods: We recruited 150 healthy women: 72 with and 78 without hot flashes. They were randomized and treated for 6 months with transdermal estradiol (1 mg/day), oral estradiol (OE) alone (2 mg/day) or combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 5 mg/day), or placebo.

New evidence for cardiac benefit of postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is still the most common killer of western women. Coronary arteries, expressing estrogen receptors, are a target for estrogen action. Prior to the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) was widely advocated for primary prevention of CAD, but such use was criticized after the WHI publication.

Lower Death Risk for Vascular Dementia Than for Alzheimer's Disease With Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Users.

Context: There are conflicting data on postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and the risk of vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: We analyzed the mortality risk attributable to VD or AD in women with a history of HT use.

Design, Patients, Interventions, And Main Outcome Measures: Finnish women (n = 489,105) using systemic HT in 1994 to 2009 were identified from the nationwide drug reimbursement register.

Decreased mortality risk due to first acute coronary syndrome in women with postmenopausal hormone therapy use.

Objectives: The role of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) in the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been studied extensively, but less is known of the impact of HT on the mortality risk due to an ACS.

Study Design And Main Outcome Measures: We extracted from a population-based ACS register, FINAMI, 7258 postmenopausal women with the first ACS. These data were combined with HT use data from the National Drug Reimbursement Register; 625 patients (9%) had used various HT regimens.

Reduced risk of breast cancer mortality in women using postmenopausal hormone therapy: a Finnish nationwide comparative study.

Objective: Data are controversial on the impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on breast cancer mortality. We analyzed nationwide Finnish data on breast cancer mortality risk in women using HT consisting of estradiol-only therapy (ET) or estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT).

Methods: In total, 489,105 women using HT in 1994 to 2009, traced from the nationwide reimbursement register, were followed from the HT initiation (3.

Cardiac Death Risk in Relation to the Age at Initiation or the Progestin Component of Hormone Therapies.

Context: The "window of opportunity hypothesis" refers to data indicating that conjugated equine estrogen alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate, if initiated before 60 years of age, protects the heart but endangers it if initiated later (Women's Health Initiative study). Less is known about the "window of opportunity hypothesis" with natural estradiol alone (ET) or with various progestins in combination with estradiol (EPT).

Objective: We related the death risk from coronary heart disease (CHD) in users of ET or EPT to the age at the initiation of therapy and to the progestin component of EPT.

Vaginal estradiol use and the risk for cardiovascular mortality.

Study Question: Does the use of post-menopausal vaginal estradiol (VE) affect the mortality risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Summary Answer: The use of VE reduces the risk for cardiovascular mortality.

What Is Known Already: A growing number of women use VE for post-menopausal genitourinary symptoms.

Increased Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Women Discontinuing Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy.

Context: Current guidelines recommend annual discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) to evaluate whether a woman could manage without the treatment. The impact of HT on cardiovascular health has been widely studied, but it is not known how the withdrawal of HT affects cardiovascular risk.

Objective: We evaluated the risk of cardiac or stroke death after the discontinuation of HT.

The risk of fatal stroke in Finnish postmenopausal hormone therapy users before and after the Women's Health Initiative: A cohort study.

Objective: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study clarified the indications and contraindications for postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT). We studied the impact of the WHI results on the risk of fatal stroke in HT users in Finland.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis setting: Nationwide registers on postmenopausal HT use and causes of death between 1995 and 2009.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy-also use of estradiol plus levonorgestrel-intrauterine system is associated with an increased risk of primary fallopian tube carcinoma.

Data on the possible impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on the incidence of rare primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide case-control study analyzing the association between the use of different HTs and PFTC. All women aged 50 years or older with an incident PFTC (n = 360) during 1995-2007 were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry.

Estradiol-based postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Objective: Data on the health benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) are derived mainly from the use of conjugated equine estrogens. Estradiol-based regimens may have a different risk-benefit profile. We evaluated the risk of death caused by coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or any disease among users of estradiol-based HT regimens in a nationwide study in Finland.

Coronary heart disease mortality and hormone therapy before and after the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: To assess whether coronary heart disease mortality in Finnish hormone therapy (HT) users differed before and after 2002 when the Women's Health Initiative study was published.

Methods: The risks of coronary heart disease death in HT users in relation to the age-matched background population were compared between the pre- (1995-2001) and post- (2002-2009) Women's Health Initiative eras. We used a nationwide register on HT (ie, estradiol with or without progestin) reimbursement and linked them to causes of death in 290,272 women aged 40 years or older.

Postmenopausal hot flushes and bone mineral density: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To study the possible association between menopausal hot flushes and bone mineral density.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: University clinic.

Premenstrual symptoms in fertile age are associated with impaired quality of life, but not hot flashes, in recently postmenopausal women.

Objective: Because premenstrual symptoms in fertile age resemble menopausal symptoms, many women with premenstrual symptoms fear that they have an increased risk for developing vasomotor symptoms in menopause. We investigated the impact of premenstrual symptoms on the occurrence and severity of menopausal vasomotor symptoms and quality of life.

Methods: One hundred fifty recently postmenopausal healthy women recorded hot flashes prospectively (23, none; 34, mild; 30, moderate; 63, severe), and their quality of life was assessed using the Women's Health Questionnaire.