Exploring Bioinformatics Tools to Analyze the Role of CDC6 in the Progression of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome to Endometrial Cancer by Promoting Immune Infiltration.

Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells and contributes to the development of various human tumors. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, with a significant risk of endometrial cancer (EC). However, the role of CDC6 in the progression of PCOS to EC is unclear.

A pair of promising immune checkpoints PSGL-1 and VISTA from immunotolerance to immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoints are crucial for regulating immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance, as they play a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity and facilitating tumor immune evasion. This review concentrates on the immune checkpoint molecules PSGL-1 and VISTA. Both molecules are highly expressed in hematopoietic cells, including T cells and myeloid cells.

Depot-specific differences and heterogeneity of adipose-derived stem cells in diet-induced obesity.

Objective: Obesity is a global health concern. Studying the heterogeneity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) plays a pivotal role in understanding metabolic disorders, such as obesity.

Methods: Mass cytometry was used to determine the depot-specific differences and heterogeneity of ADSCs and their alterations at the single-cell level in a diet-induced-obesity (DIO) model in which mice were treated with liraglutide.

Association between HLA-B*27:04 and genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in Hunan Province.

Objectives: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 is a susceptibility allele of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and HLA-B27 antigen typing is an important indicator for clinical diagnosis of AS, but current typing methods such as sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) still possess limitation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the correlation between B27 subtypes and susceptibility to AS in Hunan Province by applying high-resolution polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT).

Methods: Peripheral blood of 116 patients with suspected AS (suspected AS group) and 121 healthy volunteers (control group) admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were collected for HLA-B genotyping by PCR-SBT.

LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets.

LILRB4, a myeloid inhibitory receptor belonging to the family of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs/LIRs), plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune tolerance. LILRB4 primarily mediates suppressive immune responses by transmitting inhibitory signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). This immune checkpoint molecule has gained considerable attention due to its potent regulatory functions.

The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy.

Natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells can clear infected and transformed cells and generate tolerance to themselves, which also prevents autoimmune diseases. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an important activating immune receptor that is expressed on NK cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, and a very small percentage of CD4 T cells. In contrast, the NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) is generally not expressed on normal cells but is overexpressed under stress.

Novel role of immune-related non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers regulating tumour immunoresponse via MICA/NKG2D pathway.

Major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A (MICA) is an important and stress-induced ligand of the natural killer group 2 member D receptor (NKG2D) that is expressed in various tumour cells. Given that the MICA/NKG2D signalling system is critically embedded in the innate and adaptive immune responses, it is particularly involved in the surveillance of cancer and viral infections. Emerging evidence has revealed the important roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in different cancer types.

Analysis of Antibodies Induced after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Antigen Coded Bead Array Luminex Technology.

. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, nearly 12.2 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccine have been administered worldwide; however, the humoral immune responses induced by different types of vaccines are yet to be fully validated.

Natural Killer Cells: A Promising Kit in the Adoptive Cell Therapy Toolbox.

As an important component of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells have gained increasing attention in adoptive cell therapy for their safety and efficacious tumor-killing effect. Unlike T cells which rely on the interaction between TCRs and specific peptide-MHC complexes, NK cells are more prone to be served as "off-the-shelf" cell therapy products due to their rapid recognition and killing of tumor cells without MHC restriction. In recent years, constantly emerging sources of therapeutic NK cells have provided flexible options for cancer immunotherapy.

A Soluble NK-CAR Mediates the Specific Cytotoxicity of NK Cells toward the Target CD20 Lymphoma Cells.

The structures of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) currently designed for natural killer (NK) cells are mostly based on knowledge gained about CAR-T cells. Although these CAR-NK cells have shown promising effects, there are still many limitations to their application. In this study, we designed a soluble NK-CAR since the membrane protein NKG2D expressed by NK cells can directly trigger NK cell cytotoxicity by binding with the ligand MICA.

Posttransplant-Alloantibodies Against MICA Antigens Associated With Decreased Long-Term Allograft Survival of Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Previous evidence showed that antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) could lead to antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation in case where the patients had no alloantibodies against HLA. However, the effects of posttransplant anti-MICA antibodies on long-term renal allograft survival and function remained unsettled. We tested the posttransplant anti-MICA antibodies in 150 kidney transplant patients.

Diseases association with the polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I related chain a: MICA gene.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) genes encode a highly polymorphic glycoprotein among the cell surface antigens that trigger an immune response after allograft transplantation. It is encoded by the MICA gene, a member of the glycosylated MIC genes. Discovered in 1994, the MICA gene is located within the MHC class I region.

How to think about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination for pregnant and lactating women in China.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread around the world, and how to build an immune barrier against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population is the work we need to do for a long time in the future. The vaccination is an important strategy to construct and improve the herd immunity barrier. Therefore, our country is currently actively and extensively implementing the anti-epidemic policy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Innate lymphoid cells are double-edged swords under the mucosal barrier.

As the direct contacting site for pathogens and allergens, the mucosal barrier plays a vital role in the lungs and intestines. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are particularly resident in the mucosal barrier and participate in several pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining or disrupting barrier integrity, preventing various pathogenic invasions. In the pulmonary mucosae, ILCs sometimes aggravate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion but restore airway epithelial integrity and maintain lung tissue homeostasis at other times.

The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor gp49B1, coexpressed with c-Kit, modulates hematopoiesis and B cell leukemia development.

A better understanding of cell-intrinsic factors involved in regulating stem cells and cancer cells will help advance stem cell applications and cancer cell treatment. Previously, we showed that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) and its mouse ortholog, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB), promote blood stem cell and leukemia development. Another unique mouse paralog to PIRB called gp49B1 was also discovered.

Glycemic deviation index: a novel method of integrating glycemic numerical value and variability.

Background: There are many continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) data-based indicators, and most of these focus on a single characteristic of abnormal blood glucose. An ideal index that integrates and evaluates multiple characteristics of blood glucose has not yet been established.

Methods: In this study, we proposed the glycemic deviation index (GDI) as a novel integrating characteristic, which mainly incorporates the assessment of the glycemic numerical value and variability.

Genomic characterization of MICA gene using multiple next generation sequencing platforms: A validation study.

We have developed a protocol regarding the genomic characterization of the MICA gene by next generation sequencing (NGS). The amplicon includes the full length of the gene and is about 13 kb. A total of 156 samples were included in the study.

Airway epithelial integrin β4 suppresses allergic inflammation by decreasing CCL17 production.

Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a key role in asthma susceptibility and severity. Integrin β4 (ITGB4) is a structural adhesion molecule that is down-regulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Although a few studies hint toward the role of ITGB4 in asthmatic inflammation pathogenesis, their specific resultant effects remain unexplored.

Tumor-Derived Soluble MICA Obstructs the NKG2D Pathway to Restrain NK Cytotoxicity.

The natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) receptor and its ligands play important roles in immune surveillance. In this study, we observed that the average serum soluble MICA (sMICA) concentration of 174 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was significantly higher than that in 80 healthy subjects (602.17 ± 338.

Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency in early life mediates pulmonary spontaneous inflammation and enhanced allergic immune response.

Lung immune responses to respiratory pathogens and allergens are initiated in early life which will further influence the later onset of asthma. The airway epithelia form the first mechanical physical barrier to allergic stimuli and environmental pollutants, which is also the key regulator in the initiation and development of lung immune response. However, the epithelial regulation mechanisms of early-life lung immune responses are far from clear.

Strategies to achieve immune tolerance in allogeneic solid organ transplantation.

Organ transplantation is an effective way to treat many end-stage diseases. In order to overcome post-transplant rejection, immunosuppressive agents have been widely used, but the long-term survival of transplanted organs still has not been achieved in the clinic. For decades, tolerance is the "holy grail" that transplant immunologists have longed for.

Identification of the first case of SFTSV infection in the Hunan Province of China and epidemiological surveillance in the locality.

This study reports the etiological identification, clinical diagnosis, and the results of the local epidemiological surveillance of the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in 2014 in Hunan Province, China. The infected patient was isolated and closely monitored. The virus is a member of the Bunyaviridae sandfly family and is characterized by real-time PCR, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and whole-genome sequencing.

LILRB4 signalling in leukaemia cells mediates T cell suppression and tumour infiltration.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been successful in treating some types of cancer but has not shown clinical benefits for treating leukaemia. This result suggests that leukaemia uses unique mechanisms to evade this therapy. Certain immune inhibitory receptors that are expressed by normal immune cells are also present on leukaemia cells.

NK cell-mediated anti-leukemia cytotoxicity is enhanced using a NKG2D ligand MICA and anti-CD20 scfv chimeric protein.

NK cells are important innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that have potential in treatment of leukemia. Engagement of NKG2D receptor on NK cells enhances the target cytotoxicity. Here, we produced a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the NKG2D ligand MICA and the anti-CD20 single-chain variable fragment (scfv).