Iron accumulation induced by hepcidin1 knockout accelerates the progression of aging osteoporosis.

Objective: Iron accumulation is associated with osteoporosis. This study aims to explore the effect of chronic iron accumulation induced by hepcidin1 deficiency on aging osteoporosis.

Methods: Iron accumulation in hepcidin1 knockout aging mice was assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and Perl's staining.

Bottom-Up Effects of Drought-Stressed Cotton Plants on Performance and Feeding Behavior of .

Drought, a major stress for crop plants, is expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Drought can alter crop growth and levels of secondary plant metabolites, which in turn can affect herbivores, but this latter point is still controversial. This study used three different polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) levels (0%, 1%, and 3%) to simulate drought stress and evaluated their effects on cotton plants and the impacts on the performance of the cotton aphid .

Buckwheat Flower Volatiles Attract and Enhance Its Field-Level Parasitism of .

Volatile compounds play indispensable roles in the interactions among host plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Previous studies showed that the addition of buckwheat strips in cotton fields could attract , the dominant parasitoid of , and enhance its parasitic activity. Through the combined analysis of Y-tube olfactometer, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG), we found that male and female responded to compounds present in buckwheat flowers.

Reproduction Evaluation and Transcription Analysis of under Various Photoperiods.

Glover (Hemiptera, Aphidoidae) is a polyphagous pest, whose complex phenotypic form, combined with its high fecundity and short reproductive cycle, has caused serious economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Photoperiod plays an important role in the reproduction of aphids. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its response to seasonal photoperiodic changes are not known.

Bt maize can provide non-chemical pest control and enhance food safety in China.

China is the world's second-largest maize producer and consumer. In recent years, the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.

Behavioral Responses of Mediterranean Cryptic Species to Three Host Plants and Their Volatiles.

Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a worldwide pest that damages over 900 host plant species. The volatile organic compounds (volatiles) of contrasting plants, as well as their growth stage, influence this pest's infestation behavior. The chemical contents of volatiles isolated from three plants (, , and ) during various growth phases (pre-flowering, fluorescence, and fruiting) were examined, as well as their influence on the behavior of adult .

Life Table Construction under Different Temperatures and Insecticide Susceptibility Analysis of (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

is an important aphid pest of lettuce, but basic information on its biology is scarce. In this study, effects of three constant temperatures (17, 21, and 25 °C, simulating the mean temperature range in greenhouses) on the development and fecundity of were analyzed by constructing a life table. could develop and reproduce under all three temperatures, but the survival rate, development, and fecundity of were affected by temperature.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses in Cotton Plant to Infestation.

With the wide-scale adoption of transgenic (Bt) cotton, (Meyer-Dür) has become the most serious pest and has caused extensive yield loss in cotton production. However, little is known about the defense responses of cotton at the seedling stage to feeding. In this study, to elucidate the cotton defense mechanism, cotton leaves were damaged by for 0, 4, 12 and 24 h.

Impact of Heat Stress on the Predatory Ladybugs and .

In cotton-growing regions of northwestern China, (Goeze) and (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are key natural enemies of hemipteran pests. As only can be encountered in hot, arid production areas, the thermal responses and climatic adaptability of both species likely differ substantially. In this study, we assessed the survival, longevity, fecundity, prey consumption rate, and antioxidant capacity of both species under laboratory conditions at 32-38 °C.

The Effect of Mirid Density on Volatile-Mediated Foraging Behaviour of and .

Plants would release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to repel herbivores and attract natural enemies after being damaged by herbivores. In this study, after cotton plants were damaged by different densities of , the behavioral responses of and to cotton plants volatiles were evaluated, and the quality and quantity of volatiles from cotton plants were analyzed. Only when cotton plants were damaged by four bugs did both and show an obvious response to damaged cotton plants, which indicates that cotton defense is correlated with pest density.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii biotypes unveil mechanisms of host adaption.

The cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii is a sap-sucking insect that is considered a serious global pest. The species is distributed over a large geographical range and uses a wide variety of hosts, with some populations being specialized to attack different plant species. Here, we provide de novo chromosome-level genome assemblies of a cotton specialist population (Hap1) and a cucurbit specialist population (Hap3).

Effects of cadmium stress at different concentrations on the reproductive behaviors of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner).

Insects are exposed to cadmium stress since cadmium pollution has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue. However, until now few studies have paid attention to the effect of heavy metals on insect reproductive behaviors. In our study, the courtship behaviors, mating behaviors and fecundity of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to different concentrations of cadmium in artificial diets at larval stage were studied.

Transcriptome analysis of the ovary of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua under different exposures of cadmium stress.

Heavy metal pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem globally, and cadmium pollution ranks first in the world. Reproduction in insects is affected by cadmium stress in a dose-dependent manner. However, no previous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of cadmium exposure on insect reproduction.

Transcription Analysis of the Stress and Immune Response Genes to Temperature Stress in .

is one of the most important pests on maize. larvae are frequently exposed to the temperature challenges such as high temperature in summer and cold temperature in winter in the natural environment. High and low temperature stress, like any abiotic stress, impairs the physiology and development of insects.

Host plant use of a polyphagous mirid, : Molecular evidence from migratory individuals.

While the host plant use of insect herbivores is important for understanding their interactions and coevolution, field evidence of these preferences is limited for generalist species. Molecular diet analysis provides an effective option for gaining such information, but data from field-sampled individuals are often greatly affected by the local composition of their host plants. The polyphagous mirid bug (Meyer-Dür) seasonally migrates across the Bohai Sea, and molecular analysis of migrant bugs collected on crop-free islands can be used to estimate the host plant use of across the large area (northern China) from where these individuals come.

Shockwave generates < 100 > dislocation loops in bcc iron.

The formation mechanism of < 100 > interstitial dislocation loops in ferritic steels stemming from irradiation remains elusive, as their formations are either too short for experiments, or too long for molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report on the formation of both interstitial and vacancy dislocation loops in high energy displacement cascades using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with up to 220 million atoms. Riding the supersonic shockwave generated in the cascade, self-interstitial atoms are punched out to form < 100 > dislocation loops in only a few picoseconds during one single cascade event, which is several orders of magnitude faster than any existing mechanisms.

Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Spirotetramat in Various Soils and Its Interaction Mechanism.

Spirotetramat is a pesticide with bidirectional systemicity and can effectively control pests by inhibiting the biosynthesis of fatty acids. In this study, adsorption and desorption behaviors of spirotetramat in six soils and its interaction mechanism were studied using the batch equilibrium method and infrared radiation. The results showed that the adsorption and desorption behaviors of spirotetramat conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model.

Better cold tolerance of Bt-resistant Spodoptera exigua strain and the corresponding cold-tolerant mechanism.

Spodoptera exigua is a secondary target pest of Bt cotton commercialized in China. With the continuous adoption of Bt cotton, populations of S. exigua have gradually increased.

The specific host plant DNA detection suggests a potential migration of Apolygus lucorum from cotton to mungbean fields.

The polyphagous mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Heteroptera: Miridae) has more than 200 species of host plants and is an insect pest of important agricultural crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and mungbean (Vigna radiata). Previous field trials have shown that A. lucorum adults prefer mungbean to cotton plants, indicating the considerable potential of mungbean as a trap crop in cotton fields.

Influence of Landscape Diversity and Composition on the Parasitism of Cotton Bollworm Eggs in Maize.

We deployed >50,000 Helicoverpa armigera eggs in maize fields to assess the rate of parasitism by Trichogramma chilonis across 33 sites during a three-year span (2012-2014) in northern China. Subsequently, we used a partial least squares (PLS) regression approach to assess the relationship of landscape diversity with composition and parasitism potential. The parasitism rate of H.

[Ecological Effects of Algae Blooms Cluster: The Impact on Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis of the Water Hyacinth].

The response of chlorophyll and photosynthesis of water hyacinth leaves in different concentrations of clustered algae cells was studied in the simulation experiment, and the aim was to reveal the mechanism of the death of aquatic plants during algae blooms occurred through studying the physiological changes of the macrophytes, so as to play the full function of the ecological restoration of the plants. And results showed the dissolved oxygen quickly consumed in root zone of aquatic plants after algae blooms gathered and showed the lack of oxygen (DO < 0.2 g x L(-1)); and the ORP was lower than -100 mV after 1 d, and it declined to -200 mV at the end of the experiment.

Silk Gland Gene Expression during Larval-Pupal Transition in the Cotton Leaf Roller Sylepta derogata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The cotton leaf roller, Sylepta derogata, is a silk-producing insect pest. While young larvae feed on the underside of leaves, the older ones roll cotton leaves and feed on the leaf edges, which defoliates cotton plants. The larvae produce silk to stabilize the rolled leaf and to balloon from used to new leaves.