Distinct neutrophil effector functions in response to different isolates of Leishmania aethiopica.

Background: In Ethiopia, cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly caused by Leishmania (L.) aethiopica parasites and presents in three main clinical forms. It is still not clear if the host immune response plays a role in the development of these different presentations.

Case Notification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at Different Elevations in the North-Central Ethiopia from 2018 To 2022.

Background: We aimed to analyze a four-year trend of Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to determine risk levels and hotspots in North-central Ethiopia.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Boru Meda Hospital (BMH) from March to April 2023, focusing on CL patients treated at the leishmaniasis treatment center (LTC). Data collected included age, gender, CL type, and other clinical factors.

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials update.

Background: Most people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) need treatment to help reduce the risk of liver disease and limit disease transmission. Therapeutic vaccine (TV) candidates have been under study for their clinical effects on inducing HBV-specific host immune responses. This review aimed to systematically synthesize updated evidence on the efficacy and safety of TVs in patients with CHB.

Altered co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors on monocyte subsets in patients with visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites from the Leishmania (L.) donovani complex. VL is characterised by uncontrolled parasite replication in spleen, liver and bone marrow, and by an impaired immune response and high systemic levels of inflammation.

Demographic characteristics and clinical features of patients presenting with different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Lay Gayint, Northern Ethiopia.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, that can cause long-term chronic disabilities. The clinical presentation of CL varies in both type and severity. CL presents as three main clinical forms: localised lesions (localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, LCL); mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) that affects the mucosa of the nose or the mouth; or as disseminated not ulcerating nodules (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, DCL).

Effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis on patients' quality of life.

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by protozoan parasite called Leishmania. It is endemic in more than 100 countries globally. Despite its vast prevalence and impact on quality of life, it is one of the most neglected tropical dermatological diseases.

Demographic characteristics and prevalence of asymptomatic infection in migrant workers working in an endemic area in Northwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, is a serious health problem in Ethiopia. Infections are caused by (.) parasites.

Hepatitis B vaccine effectiveness among vaccinated children in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Globally, 257 million people have chronic hepatitis. Even though a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine against HBV infection has been available, it causes significant morbidity and mortality. HBV vaccines were designed to improve or modulate the host immune responses.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a newly established treatment centre in the Lay Gayint district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that primarily affects the most vulnerable populations. In Ethiopia, where this study took place, CL is an important health problem, however, the incidence of CL is poorly monitored.

Objectives: This study took place in a recently established CL treatment centre, at Nefas Mewcha Hospital, Lay Gayint.

First line antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV in northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Anti-retroviral treatment enhances the immune status and reduces unwanted outcomes. However, development of treatment failure and drug resistance raises concern over lifelong treatments to chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS.

Objectives: This study determined proportion of treatment failure (TF) and identified factors associated with TF among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Patients Attending at Addis Alem Primary Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes severe liver disease, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and life-threatening liver disease. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most dominant public health problems these days. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV infection among patients attending Addis Alem Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Aetiology of acute diarrhoea and antimicrobial usage among children aged under five years at health centres in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

The aetiology of diarrhoea with species and pathogenic bacteria has not been identified in the Ethiopian primary healthcare system. Thus, antibiotic consumption for unconfirmed pathogenic diarrhoea is not infrequent. A total of 344 children aged <5 years with diarrhoea were included in the present study to determine protozoal or bacterial aetiology and antibiotic use.

Incidence of human rabies virus exposure in northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Clinical Rabies is a widely distributed almost 100% fatal viral zoonotic disease. Most human rabies cases occur in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. It can be prevented by immunization, post exposure prophylaxis.

Efficacy of single dose albendazole and praziquantel drugs among helminth-infected school children at Rural Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia.

The resistance of anthelminthic drugs makes helminth control difficult. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of single dose albendazole and praziquantel drugs among helminth-infected children. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June, 2017.

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in primary hospitals of North-west Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in primary hospitals of North-west Ethiopia.

Results: A total of 388 study participants were included in this study. Of which, 268 (69%) were health care workers and 120 (31%) were medical waste handlers.

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with and hookworm infection among primary school children in rural Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths and infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan countries. The highest burden of the disease resides in school-age children. Poor water sanitation and hygiene are believed to be the major contributing factors for the high prevalence.

Pharyngeal colonization and drug resistance profiles of Morraxella catarrrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae among HIV infected children attending ART Clinic of Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: Asymptomatic pharyngeal colonization by potential bacteria is the primary reservoir for bacterial species within a population and is considered a prerequisite for development of major childhood diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. However, there is dearth of data on the colonization and drug resistance pattern of the main bacterial pathogens in the pharynx of HIV infected children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the pharyngeal colonization and drug resistance profile of bacterial pathogens in HIV infected children attending ART clinic of Felegehiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Intestinal parasitosis and anaemia among patients in a Health Center, North Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the magnitude of intestinal parasitosis and anaemia in a Health Center, North Ethiopia.

Results: A total of 427 outpatients were enrolled and the median age of the participants was 22 years. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 143 (33.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in hospitals at Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.

Like other sub-Saharan Africa, in Ethiopia there is a shortage of adequate and safe blood supplies. Health care providers are potential resource and promoter of voluntary blood donation. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.

Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients Display Altered Composition and Maturity of Neutrophils as well as Impaired Neutrophil Effector Functions.

Immunologically, active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by profound immunosuppression, severe systemic inflammatory responses, and an impaired capacity to control parasite replication. Neutrophils are highly versatile cells, which play a crucial role in the induction as well as the resolution of inflammation, the control of pathogen replication, and the regulation of immune responses. Neutrophil functions have been investigated in human cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, their role in human VL is poorly understood.

High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children in a rural highland of north-western Ethiopia: the role of intensive diagnostic work-up.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiases (hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) are extremely prevalent in school-aged children living in poor sanitary conditions. Recent epidemiological data suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis is highly unreported. However, accurate data are essential for conducting interventions aimed at introducing control and elimination programmes.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among School Children in a Rural Area of the Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia.

Backgroud: Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric protozoan causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are not formally considered as neglected tropical diseases, but belong to the group of poverty-related infectious diseases that impair the development and socio-economic potential of infected individuals in developing countries.