SolPGD: Solanaceae Pan-genomes Reveal Extensive Fractionation and Functional Innovation of Duplicated Genes.

The Solanaceae family contains many agriculturally important crops, including tomato, potato, pepper, and tobacco, as well as others with growing potential, such as the orphan crops groundcherry, wolfberry, and pepino. Research progress varies greatly among these species, with model crops like tomato far ahead, which limits the broader agricultural application of other solanaceous species. Here, we constructed the interspecies pan-genome for the Solanaceae family and identified distinct patterns of gene retention.

Identification of novel germline mutations in FUT7 and EXT1 linked with hereditary multiple exostoses.

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder primarily linked with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) and Exostosin-2 (EXT2) genes. However, not all HME cases can be explained by these mutations, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, utilizing whole-exome sequencing and genetic screening with a family trio design, we identify two novel rare mutations co-segregating with HME in a Chinese family, including a nonsense mutation (c.

Targeting inhibition of T3JAM reduces brain cell ferroptosis in rat following ischemia/reperfusion via a mechanism involving prevention of TLR4-mediated iron overload.

Iron overload-dependent ferroptosis is believed to contribute to the brain injury of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), whereas toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can exert pro-ferroptosis effect via inhibiting the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level, but the mechanisms behind these phenomenon are not fully elucidated. Tumor necrosis factor receptor correlated factor 3-interaction Jun amino-terminal kinase [JNK]-activating modulator (T3JAM) can activate specific molecule and its downstream signaling pathways, including TLR4. This study aims to explore whether targeting T3JAM can reduce I/R-induced ferroptosis in brain via downregulating TLR4.

The Chinese Herbal Medicine Li Qi Huo Xue Di Wan Ameliorates Ischemia or Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Injury and Remodeling in the Heart Through a Mechanism Involving Reduction of Necroptosis.

Li Qi Huo Xue Di Wan (LQHXDW), a Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used to treat symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. However, its potential to reduce ischemia or hypoxia-induced cardiac injury and remodeling, along with the precise mechanisms involved, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of LQHXDW on cardiac injury and remodeling induced by ischemia or hypoxia, both in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Paclitaxel improves thrombopoiesis in the absence of thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl).

Background: Platelets are critical for thrombosis and hemostasis. The THPO-MPL pathway is the primary pathway for generating thrombocytes. Dysregulation of thrombopoiesis results in platelet formation and/or function-related disorders, such as thrombocytopenia.

Terrestrial invertebrate hosts of human pathogens in urban ecosystems.

Terrestrial invertebrates in urban ecosystems are extremely species-rich, have many important roles in material flow and energy circulation, and are host to many human pathogens that pose threats to human health. These invertebrates are widely distributed in urban areas, including both out- and in-door environments. Consequently, humans are frequently in contact with them, which provides many opportunities for them to pose human health risks.

A Semisynthetic Oligomannuronic Acid-Based Glycoconjugate Vaccine against .

is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections and has become increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics. However, development of novel classes of antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant is extremely difficult. Herein we develop a semisynthetic oligomannuronic acid-based glycoconjugate vaccine that confers broad protection against infections of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains of .

Single-cell exploration of active phosphate-solubilizing bacteria across diverse soil matrices for sustainable phosphorus management.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are crucial for enhancing phosphorus bioavailability and regulating phosphorus transformation processes. However, the in situ phosphorus-solubilizing activity and the link between phenotypes and genotypes for PSB remain unidentified. Here we employed single-cell Raman spectroscopy combined with heavy water to discern and quantify soil active PSB.

Rashba-Type Band Splitting Effect in 2D (PEA)PbI Perovskites and Its Impact on Exciton-Phonon Coupling.

Despite a few recent reports on Rashba effects in two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) hybrid perovskites, the precise role of organic spacer cations in influencing Rashba band splitting remains unclear. Here, using a combination of temperature-dependent two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, alongside density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we contribute to significant insights into the Rashba band splitting found for 2D RP hybrid perovskites. The results demonstrate that the polarity of the organic spacer cation is crucial in inducing structural distortions that lead to Rashba-type band splitting.

Nitrifying niche in estuaries is expanded by the plastisphere.

The estuarine plastisphere, a novel ecological habitat in the Anthropocene, has garnered global concerns. Recent geochemical evidence has pointed out its potential role in influencing nitrogen biogeochemistry. However, the biogeochemical significance of the plastisphere and its mechanisms regulating nitrogen cycling remain elusive.

The independent storage mechanisms of visual and vibrotactile working memory.

Whether information in working memory (WM) is stored in a domain-independent or domain-specific system is still the subject of intense debate. This study used the delayed match-to-sample paradigm, the dual-task paradigm, and the selective interference paradigm to investigate the mechanism of cross-modal storage in visual and vibrotactile WM. We postulated that WM may store cross-modal data from haptics and vision independently, and we proposed domain-specific WM storage.

Role of copper and its complexes in cardiovascular diseases.

Copper is a trace element essential for the maintenance of normal physiological functions in cardiovascular system, and its transport and metabolisms are regulated by various copper proteins such as copper-based enzymes, copper chaperones and copper transporters. The disturbance of copper level or abnormal expression of copper proteins are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. Thus, intervention of copper ion signaling pathways is expected to be an effective measure for treating cardiovascular diseases.

Cebp1 and Cebpβ transcriptional axis controls eosinophilopoiesis in zebrafish.

Eosinophils are a group of granulocytes well known for their capacity to protect the host from parasites and regulate immune function. Diverse biological roles for eosinophils have been increasingly identified, but the developmental pattern and regulation of the eosinophil lineage remain largely unknown. Herein, we utilize the zebrafish model to analyze eosinophilic cell differentiation, distribution, and regulation.

The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.

Coronary artery lesions (CALs) are the most common complications of Kawasaki disease (KD) and play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of the disease. Consequently, the early identification of children with KD who are at risk of developing coronary artery damage is vitally important. We sought to investigate the relationship between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and CALs in patients with KD and to assess its predictive value.

Learning from Zebrafish Hematopoiesis.

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that tightly regulates the generation, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of hematopoietic cells. Disruptions in hematopoiesis can lead to various diseases affecting both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic systems, such as leukemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic granuloma. The zebrafish serves as a powerful vertebrate model for studying hematopoiesis, offering valuable insights into both hematopoietic regulation and hematopoietic diseases.

Supramolecular pyrrole radical cations for bacterial theranostics.

Bacterial infections with emerging resistance to antibiotics require urgent development of antibacterial agents with new core skeletons. Recently, a series of antibacterial agents have been reported based on positively charged organic groups, such as ammonium, guanidine, and phosphonium groups, which can selectively bind and destroy negatively charged bacterial membranes. To achieve imaging-guided precise antibacterial therapy, these positively charged organic groups usually require further decoration with imaging modalities, such as fluorescence.

[Characteristics of gut microbiome communities in the invasive African giant snail under urbanization gradient].

To investigate the diversity and community structure of gut microbiome of the invasive species, , along an urbanization gradient, we collected 30 samples from five parks in the urban, suburban, and rural areas of Xiamen City. Using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed by the third generation PacBio sequencing platform, we analyzed the community characteristics of gut microbiome and soil microbiome in different habitats. We found a significant disparity between the composition of gut microbiome of and that of the soil microbiome in their habitats.

Identification and characterization of human hematopoietic mesoderm.

The embryonic mesoderm comprises heterogeneous cell subpopulations with distinct lineage biases. It is unclear whether a bias for the human hematopoietic lineage emerges at this early developmental stage. In this study, we integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human mesoderm cells from embryonic stem cells and embryos, enabling us to identify and define the molecular features of human hematopoietic mesoderm (HM) cells biased towards hematopoietic lineages.

The lack of negative association between TE load and subgenome dominance in synthesized allotetraploids.

Polyploidization is important to the evolution of plants. Subgenome dominance is a distinct phenomenon associated with most allopolyploids. A gene on the dominant subgenome tends to express to higher RNA levels in all organs as compared to the expression of its syntenic paralogue (homoeolog).

Sulindac selectively induces autophagic apoptosis of GABAergic neurons and alters motor behaviour in zebrafish.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs compose one of the most widely used classes of medications, but the risks for early development remain controversial, especially in the nervous system. Here, we utilized zebrafish larvae to assess the potentially toxic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and found that sulindac can selectively induce apoptosis of GABAergic neurons in the brains of zebrafish larvae brains. Zebrafish larvae exhibit hyperactive behaviour after sulindac exposure.