Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) induces pulmonary fibrosis by regulating different cell fates via autophagy.

The presence of respiratory diseases demonstrates a positive correlation with atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) exposure. The respiratory system is the main target organ affected by PM, and exposure to PM elevates the likelihood of developing pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, lung epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) and fibroblast (NIH-3T3) were used as in vitro exposure models to explore the mechanisms of PF.

Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate induces ROS-mediated necroptosis by directly targeting catalase in HepG2 cells.

Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has been widely used as a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) because of its high surface activity and low cost, but the knowledge of its biological effects is still limited. In this study, we compared the toxic effects of OBS and PFOS on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). OBS resulted in lower cell viability, higher ROS levels, and more severe necrosis than PFOS, indicating that OBS caused higher cytotoxicity than PFOS.

Multi-supervised bidirectional fusion network for road-surface condition recognition.

Rapid developments in automatic driving technology have given rise to new experiences for passengers. Safety is a main priority in automatic driving. A strong familiarity with road-surface conditions during the day and night is essential to ensuring driving safety.

2D MoS Nanosheets Induce Ferroptosis by Promoting NCOA4-Dependent Ferritinophagy and Inhibiting Ferroportin.

The exposure of MoS nanosheets can cause cytotoxicity, which causes health risks and affects its medical applications. However, knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. This study reports that MoS nanosheets induces ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, which is caused by the nanosheet themselves rather than by the dissolved ions.

Polystyrene micro(nano)plastics damage the organelles of RBL-2H3 cells and promote MOAP-1 to induce apoptosis.

The ubiquity of microplastics increases the exposure risks and health threats to humans. In this study, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were exposed to polystyrene particles (PS-particles) of 50 nm, 500 nm and 5 µm to investigate organelle damage and the mechanism of cell death. PS-particles induced oxidative stress, which in turn led to mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and finally caused apoptosis.

Cellular internalization and release of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics.

Microplastics and nanoplastics can accumulate in organisms after being ingested, be transported in the food web, and ultimately threaten human health. An understanding of the cellular internalization and release of micro(nano)plastics is important to predict their cytotoxicity. In this study, 50 nm, 500 nm and 5 μm polystyrene particles (PS50, PS500 and PS5000) were exposed to both model cell membranes and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells.