Interconnections between BDH1-plasma protein-type 2 diabetes Mellitus: a mediated mendelian randomization analysis using plasma proteomics.

With the rapid advancement of proteomics, numerous scholars have investigated the intricate relationships between plasma proteins and various diseases. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the relationship between BDH1 and type 2 diabetes using Mendelian randomization (MR) and to identify novel targets for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes through proteomics. This study primarily employed the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method, leveraging genetic data from numerous large-scale, publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus infection is beneficial for the prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma.

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Mu , published in the recent issue of the . We pay special attention to the immune tolerance mechanism caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the role of antiviral therapy in treating HCC related to HBV infection. HBV infection leads to systemic innate immune tolerance by directly inhibiting pattern recognition receptor recognition and antiviral signaling pathways, as well as by inhibiting the immune functions of macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells.

Hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis: Mechanisms, global variations, and treatment advances.

We focus on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis, global differences, and the evolution of antiviral treatment strategies. Chronic HBV (CHB) infection affects more than 250 million people globally, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this article was to synthesize the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of HBV-induced cirrhosis, and explore differences in disease progression between geographic regions.

Genetic inhibition of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and prevention of alcohol-associated fatty liver in humans.

Recent studies of animal models reported Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) as a potential therapeutic target for preventing alcohol-associated fatty liver (AFL), yet its efficacy and safety in humans remain unknown. We aim to estimate the effectiveness and safety of inhibiting NNMT in humans. We leveraged Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) data coupled with genetic information to perform a retrospective drug target validation study.

Right ventricular function and anemia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Anemia is a common complication in patients with heart failure and is associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, its role in right ventricular (RV) function has not been evaluated.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical data of 1,014 Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) patients to evaluate the relationship between anemia and RV dysfunction in patients with HFpEF and whether this relationship is influenced by classical risk factors such as smoking and hypertension.

Low Muscle Mass is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Having Lower Limb Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients.

Background And Aims: Existing research suggests that low muscle mass is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis, but its relationship with lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between low skeletal muscle mass and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis in T2DM patients, in hopes of providing a scientific basis for early diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 276 patients with T2DM who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis, lower limb artery ultrasonography, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) arterial stiffness measurement, and blood tests.

Pathogenesis and research progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Mei . Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with pathological features including steatosis, hepatocellular damage, and varying degrees of fibrosis. With the epidemic of metabolic diseases and obesity, the prevalence of NAFLD in China has increased, and it is now similar to that in developed countries; thus, NAFLD has become a major chronic liver disease in China.

Chitinase and Deacetylase-Based Chitin-Degrading Bacteria: One-Pot Cascade Bioconversion of Chitin to Chitooligosaccharides.

Cascade conversion of chitin into soluble and functional chitooligosaccharides has gained great attention. However, the biotransformation route is still limited to the low catalytic performances of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) and complicated procedures. In this study, a CDA from sp.

Efficacy and safety of BF839 for pediatric autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The clinical utility of in treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Therefore, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and safety of BF839 in the treatment of pediatric ASD.

Methods: We examined 60 children aged 2-10 years diagnosed with ASD, and participants received either BF839 powder (10 g/bar with ≥10 CFU/bar of viable bacteria, two bars/day) or placebo for 16 weeks.

Hinokiflavone exerts dual regulation on apoptosis and pyroptosis via the SIX4/Stat3/Akt pathway to alleviate APAP-induced liver injury.

Hinokiflavone (HF), classified as a flavonoid, is a main bioactive compound in Platycladus orientalis and Selaginella. HF exhibits activities including anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. The study aimed to explore the function and the mechanisms of HF on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury.

Effects of the pleiotropic regulator DasR on lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis.

The lincoamide antibiotic lincomycin, derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis, is widely used for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. As a common global regulatory factor of GntR family, DasR usually exists as a regulatory factor that negatively regulates antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces. However, the regulatory effect of DasR on lincomycin biosynthesis in S.

Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals HIST1H2BH as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardiogenic Thromboembolic Stroke.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant precursor to cerebral embolism. Our study sought to unearth new diagnostic biomarkers for atrial fibrillation-related cerebral embolism (AF-CE) by meticulously examining multiple GEO datasets and meta-analysis. The gene expression omnibus (GEO) database provided RNA sequencing data associated with AF and stroke.

Blood leukocytes as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Thyroid nodule (TN) patients in China are subject to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The implementation of existing technologies such as thyroid ultrasonography has indeed contributed to the improved diagnostic accuracy of TNs. However, a significant issue persists, where many patients undergo unnecessary biopsies, and patients with malignant thyroid nodules (MTNs) are advised to undergo surgery therapy.

MeIS: DNA Methylation-Based Immune Response Signatures for Thyroid Nodule Diagnostics.

Context: Accurately distinguishing between benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) and papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) with current conventional methods poses a significant challenge.

Objective: We identify DNA methylation markers of immune response-related genes for distinguishing BTNs and PTCs.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed a public reduced representative bisulfite sequencing dataset and revealed distinct methylation patterns associated with immune signals in PTCs and BTNs.

Effects of calcitonin on lumbar spinal stenosis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: There is some controversy about the effects of calcitonin (CT) on lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). This systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of CT in the treatment of patients with LSS.

Lipoxin A4 levels predict site-specific clinical improvements post scaling and root planing and correlate negatively with periodontal pathogens in severe periodontitis.

Background: Serving as a stop signal of inflammation, the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in periodontitis remains to be clarified. This study is aimed to examine the changes in LXA4 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after scaling and root planing (SRP) and to determine the relationship between LXA4 levels and treatment outcomes and periodontal pathogens in severe periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 74 GCF samples were collected from 21 severe periodontitis participants at the deepest affected sites.

Midbrain FA initiates neuroinflammation and depression onset in both acute and chronic LPS-induced depressive model mice.

Both exogenous gaseous and liquid forms of formaldehyde (FA) can induce depressive-like behaviors in both animals and humans. Stress and neuronal excitation can elicit brain FA generation. However, whether endogenous FA participates in depression occurrence remains largely unknown.

Relationship between gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There are no typical symptoms in the early stage, and the disease will progress to moderate and late stage when albuminuria reaches a high level. Treatment is difficult and the prognosis is poor.

Topological corner states in a silicon nitride photonic crystal membrane with a large bandgap.

The theory of band topology has inspired the discovery of various topologically protected states in the regime of photonics. It has led to the development of topological photonic devices with robust property and versatile functionalities, like unidirectional waveguides, compact power splitters, high-Q resonators, and robust lasers. These devices mainly rely on the on-chip photonic crystal (PhC) in Si or III-V compound materials with a fairly large bandgap.

Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction.

The development of bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing actuated capabilities for remote interaction with soft-hard robots remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we propose a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel that combines ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hand. The gradient network structure, achieved through a wettability difference method involving the rapid precipitation of MoO nanosheets, introduces hydrophilic disparities between two sides within hydrogel.

Humidity Adaptive Antifreeze Hydrogel Sensor for Intelligent Control and Human-Computer Interaction.

Conductive hydrogels have emerged as ideal candidate materials for strain sensors due to their signal transduction capability and tissue-like flexibility, resembling human tissues. However, due to the presence of water molecules, hydrogels can experience dehydration and low-temperature freezing, which greatly limits the application scope as sensors. In this study, an ionic co-hybrid hydrogel called PBLL is proposed, which utilizes the amphoteric ion betaine hydrochloride (BH) in conjunction with hydrated lithium chloride (LiCl) thereby achieving the function of humidity adaptive.

Tough, high conductivity pectin polysaccharide-based hydrogel for strain sensing and real-time information transmission.

Hydrogels from natural polymers are eco-friendly, biocompatible and adjustable for manufacturing wearable sensors. However, it is still challenging to prepare natural polymer hydrogel sensors with excellent properties (e.g.

A diagnostic model based on DNA methylation haplotype block characteristics for identifying papillary thyroid carcinoma from thyroid adenoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer. Methylation of some genes plays a crucial role in the tendency to malignancy as well as poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, suggesting that methylation features can serve as complementary markers for molecular diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic model for PTC based on DNA methylation markers.