NR1D1 activation alleviates inflammatory response through inhibition of IL-6 expression in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.

Endometritis, an inflammatory disease affecting dairy cattle, causes substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Conventional treatment using uterine infusion of antibiotics often results in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in milk. Thus, identifying novel, effective therapeutic targets for endometritis in dairy cows is necessary.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a SEER database analysis.

Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP-NEC) is a rare group of diseases with poor prognosis and the assessment of its prognosis is a significant challenge. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to assess overall survival (OS) in patients with GEP-NEC.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with poorly differentiated GEP-NEC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2011 and 2015 and were randomly assigned to the training or validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio.

Multi-dimensional characterization of immunological profiles in small cell lung cancer uncovers clinically relevant immune subtypes with distinct prognoses and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is generally considered a 'homogenous' disease, with little documented inter-tumor heterogeneity in treatment guidance or prognosis evaluation. The precise identification of clinically relevant molecular subtypes remains incomplete and their translation into clinical practice is limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we comprehensively characterized the immune microenvironment in SCLC by integrating transcriptional and protein profiling of formalin-fixation-and-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 29 patients.

Molecular and Functional Heterogeneity of Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Metastases.

Introduction: Treatment response to the standard therapy is low for metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) mainly due to the tumor heterogeneity. We investigated the heterogeneity between primary PanNETs and metastases to improve the precise treatment.

Methods: The genomic and transcriptomic data of PanNETs were retrieved from the Genomics, Evidence, Neoplasia, Information, Exchange (GENIE), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively.

Whole-exome sequencing of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

The genetic characteristics of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (R-NETs) were poorly understood. Depicting the genetic characteristics may provide a biological basis for prognosis prediction and novel treatment development. Tissues of 18 R-NET patients were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing.

Clinical significance of ALDH1A1 expression and its association with E-cadherin and N-cadherin in resected large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: The roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in solid tumors are well established. However, the interaction between CSCs and EMT in pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of a CSC marker (ALDH1A1) and its correlation with Epithelial-like phenotype marker (E-cadherin) and Mesenchymal-like phenotype marker (N-cadherin) in LCNEC patients.

YAP1 protein expression has variant prognostic significance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) stratified by histological subtypes.

Background: Recently, expression of YAP1, a nuclear effector of an inactivated HIPPO pathway, has been identified as one of four molecular subtypes of SCLC. However, the clinicopathological relevance and prognostic significance of YAP1 expression in SCLC stratified by histological subtypes has not been systematically reported to date.

Methods: Tumor sections and corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 297 SCLC patients were retrieved from the pathological specimen repository and were subsequently reviewed by pathologists.

Exploration of the Tumor-Suppressive Immune Microenvironment by Integrated Analysis in -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Clinical evidence has shown that few non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations can benefit from immunotherapy. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a significant factor affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the TIME transformational process in -mutation patients is unknown.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of 247 small cell lung cancer with limited-stage after surgery.

The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after curative surgery and to explore prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinical data of 247 patients were collected, and clinicopathological features were retrieved, including gender, age, smoking history, tumor location, and distant metastasis. Histopathological features were also reviewed by three pathologists, including primary tumor (T), lymph node metastasis (N), pleural invasion, bronchial invasion, nerve invasion, spread through air spaces (STAS), tumor thrombosis, major cell shape (round Vs.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic implications of ASCL1 expression in surgically resected small cell lung cancer.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive lung cancers. Treatment of SCLC has remained unchanged during the past decades. Preclinical studies have revealed ASCL1 as a transcription regulator in the neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and carcinogenesis of SCLC.

The clinical significance of RET gene fusion among Chinese patients with lung cancer.

Background: The incidence of lung cancer is growing fast in China, however, the prognosis remains dismal due to the limited therapeutic approaches. The "ret proto-oncogene mutation" () fusions have been proven to be the driver gene in lung cancer development and the therapeutic target of several multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Methods: We applied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 39 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the Lung Plasma panel covering 168 cancer-associated genes and performed capture-based targeted deep sequencing to identify the fusion partners and concurrent gene mutation with Miseq.

Comparative study of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between combined and pure small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after surgical resection.

Background: Histologically, SCLC are classified as pure (P-SCLC) and combined subtypes (C-SCLC). Currently, few studies compare the clinicopathological characteristics and explore the treatment strategies applied to them.

Methods: Between July 2005 and April 2016, the clinical records of 297 postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed SCLC were retrospectively analyzed.

Incidence rates of immune-related adverse events and their correlation with response in advanced solid tumours treated with NIVO or NIVO+IPI: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Deciphering the correlation between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) categorized by organ system class and clinical benefit of immunotherapy is critical for clinical practice. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence rates of irAEs and their correlations with objective response rate (ORR) in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with nivolumab (NIVO) or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI).

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies from January 1st, 2000 to May 1st 2019.

The drug target genes show higher evolutionary conservation than non-target genes.

Although evidence indicates that drug target genes share some common evolutionary features, there have been few studies analyzing evolutionary features of drug targets from an overall level. Therefore, we conducted an analysis which aimed to investigate the evolutionary characteristics of drug target genes. We compared the evolutionary conservation between human drug target genes and non-target genes by combining both the evolutionary features and network topological properties in human protein-protein interaction network.