Node Selection and Path Optimization for Passive Target Localization via UAVs.

The performance of passive target localization is affected by the positions of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at a large scale. In this paper, to improve resource utilization efficiency and localization accuracy, the node selection problem and the path optimization problem are jointly investigated. Firstly, the target passive localization model is established and the Chan-based time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization method is introduced.

Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition.

Importance: Few modifiable risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) have been identified.

Objective: To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle factors prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of PCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prospective cohort study, 32 249 women in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort reported preinfection lifestyle habits in 2015 and 2017.

Long-term diet and risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity.

Background: The role of diet on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging. We investigated the association between usual diet before the onset of the pandemic and risk and severity of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We included 42,935 participants aged 55-99 y in 2 ongoing cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, who completed a series of COVID-19 surveys in 2020 and 2021.

A prospective study of pre-diagnostic circulating tryptophan and kynurenine, and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and risk of glioma.

Background: Conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine may promote glioma growth and suppress antitumor immune response through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Expression of the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-2 in the glioma microenvironment has been shown to mediate tryptophan catabolism, and the ratio between kynurenine and tryptophan is considered an indirect measure of this enzyme activity.

Methods: We explored whether tryptophan, kynurenine, and the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan (KTR) in pre-diagnostic blood samples was related to risk of glioma in a nested case-control study of 84 cases and 168 matched controls from two cohort studies - the Nurses' Health Study, and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

Weight Stigma and Social Media: Evidence and Public Health Solutions.

Weight stigma is a pressing issue that affects individuals across the weight distribution. The role of social media in both alleviating and exacerbating weight bias has received growing attention. On one hand, biased algorithms on social media platforms may filter out posts from individuals in stigmatized groups and concentrate exposure to content that perpetuates problematic norms about weight.

Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity.

Background: Vitamin D may have a role in immune responses to viral infections. However, data on the association between vitamin D and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity have been limited and inconsistent.

Objective: We examined the associations of predicted vitamin D status and intake with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.

Reproducibility and validity of diet quality scores derived from food-frequency questionnaires.

Background: Diet quality scores (DQSs) are frequently used to study diet-disease relations but the validity of these scores derived from FFQs has rarely been evaluated.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of 6 commonly used DQSs derived from the FFQ, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial score, alternative Mediterranean diet score, and 3 plant-based diet indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful).

Methods: This analysis included 1394 participants from the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study (N = 652) and the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study (N = 742).

Pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins and risk of glioma in three cohort studies.

Few prospective studies have evaluated the relation between fat-soluble vitamins and glioma risk. Using three cohorts-UK Biobank (UKB), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), we investigated associations of pre-diagnostic concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins D, A, and E with incident glioma. In 346,785 participants (444 cases) in UKB, associations with vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression.

Dietary flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods: validity and reproducibility of FFQ-derived intake estimates.

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 152-item semi-quantitative FFQ (SFFQ) for estimating flavonoid intakes.

Design: Over a 1-year period, participants completed two SFFQ and two weighed 7-d dietary records (7DDR). Flavonoid intakes from the SFFQ were estimated separately using Harvard (SFFQHarvard) and Phenol-Explorer (SFFQPE) food composition databases.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) mediates cardiac fibrosis and induces diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiovascular diseases account for the major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes. The diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of diabetic cardiovascular disease, which further directs to the heart failure. The researchers found that diabetes induced cardiac fibrosis plays a vital role in several of the pathological changes that associated with DCM, causing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction.