Exploring the mechanism of α-Bisabolol in the treatment of psoriasis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of α-Bisabolol in the treatment of psoriasis both in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. We used network pharmacology to explore the potential active components and targets of α-Bisabolol in the treatment of psoriasis. Psoriasis-like models were induced in mice or keratinocytes using imiquimod (IMQ) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Advancements in pharmacological interventions for atopic dermatitis current strategies and future directions.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disorder, with its incidence significantly increasing in recent years. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetic susceptibility, dysbiosis of the skin microbiome, autoimmune abnormalities, impaired epidermal barrier function, and environmental factors. These factors collectively contribute to the high incidence of the disease and its significant socio-economic burden.

Reduction of Cystatin B results in increased cathepsin B activity in disomic but not Trisomy 21 human cellular and mouse models.

Down syndrome, resulting from trisomy of human chromosome 21, is a common form of chromosomal disorder that results in intellectual disability and altered risk of several medical conditions. Individuals with Down syndrome have a greatly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (DSAD), due to the presence of the APP gene on chromosome 21 that encodes the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). APP can be processed to generate amyloid-β, which accumulates in plaques in the brains of people who have Alzheimer's disease and is the upstream trigger of disease.

Epithelial mitochondrial fission-mediated PANoptosis is crucial for ulcerative colitis and its inhibition by saquinavir through Drp1.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by increased cell death in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC), which compromises gut barrier function and activates inflammation. Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics have been implicated in various forms of cell death, but it is currently unclear if they play a role in IEC death and colitis pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the contribution of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics to colitis progression using cellular models, animal models, and clinical samples.

Comparisons between In-Check DIAL® and PF810® in evaluation and training inspiratory capacity for using dry powder inhalers.

Background: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) rely on both internal resistance and patients' inspiratory capacity for effective operation. Optimal inspiratory technique is crucial for DPI users. This study assessed the accuracy and repeatability of two available devices, PF810® and In-Check DIAL®, and analyzed their measurement errors and consistency in detecting inspiratory capacity.

Extracorporeal Closed-Loop Respiratory Regulation for Patients With Respiratory Difficulty Using a Soft Bionic Robot.

Objective: Respiratory regulation is critical for patients with respiratory dysfunction. Clinically used ventilators can lead to long-term dependence and injury. Extracorporeal assistance approaches such as iron-lung devices provide a noninvasive alternative, however, artificial actuator counterparts have not achieved marvelous biomimetic ventilation as human respiratory muscles.

Deciphering the molecular regulatory of RAB32/GPRC5A axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health problem characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Despite previous research into the pathogenesis of COPD, a comprehensive understanding of the cell-type-specific mechanisms in COPD remains lacking. Recent studies have implicated Rab GTPases in regulating chronic immune response and inflammation via multiple pathways.

Prevention of exacerbation in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD with the intent to modulate respiratory microbiome: a pilot prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Considering the role of bacteria in the onset of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), we hypothesized that the use of influenza- vaccination, oral probiotics or inhaled amikacin could prevent AECOPD.

Methods: In this pilot prospective, muti-central, randomized trial, moderate-to-very severe COPD subjects with a history of moderate-to-severe exacerbations in the previous year were enrolled and assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 into 4 groups. All participants were managed based on the conventional treatment recommended by GOLD 2019 report for 3 months, with three groups receiving additional treatment of inhaled amikacin (0.

DNA nanoparticles targeting FOXO4 selectively eliminate cigarette smoke-induced senescent lung fibroblasts.

The pathogenesis and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are significantly related to cellular senescence. Strategies to eliminate senescent cells have been confirmed to benefit several senescence-related diseases. However, there are few reports of senolytic drugs in COPD management.

Cleft palate and minor metabolic disturbances in a mouse global Arl15 gene knockout.

ARL15, a small GTPase protein, was linked to metabolic traits in association studies. We aimed to test the Arl15 gene as a functional candidate for metabolic traits in the mouse. CRISPR/Cas9 germline knockout (KO) of Arl15 showed that homozygotes were postnatal lethal and exhibited a complete cleft palate (CP).

Cathepsin B abundance, activity and microglial localisation in Alzheimer's disease-Down syndrome and early onset Alzheimer's disease; the role of elevated cystatin B.

Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease that is implicated in multiple aspects of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. The endogenous inhibitor of this enzyme, cystatin B (CSTB) is encoded on chromosome 21. Thus, individuals who have Down syndrome, a genetic condition caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 21, have an extra copy of an endogenous inhibitor of the enzyme.

Positive sputum culture of spp as a risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A propensity-score matched retrospective clinical study.

Background: Candida species ( spp) are commonly isolated microorganisms from lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP); however, the clinical significance remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between spp. in the LRT and the clinical features and prognosis of HAP.

The Clinical Impact of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) Test in Hospitalized Patients with Suspected Sepsis: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Background: Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to detect pathogens rapidly. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of mNGS in hospitalized patients with suspected sepsis and evaluate its role in guiding antimicrobial therapy. Methods: A multicenter, prospective cohort study was performed.

ROS induced the Rab26 promoter hypermethylation to promote cigarette smoking-induced airway epithelial inflammation of COPD through activation of MAPK signaling.

Cigarette smoking (CS) exposure-induced airway inflammatory responses drive the occurrence and development of emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explore the role of Rab26 in CS exposure modulating the inflammatory response of airway epithelium and the novel mechanism of CS exposure regulation Rab26.

Cell models for Down syndrome-Alzheimer's disease research.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and leads to intellectual disability, increased risk of cardiac defects, and an altered immune response. Individuals with DS have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and are more likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) than the general population. Changes in expression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-encoded genes, such as amyloid precursor protein (), play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD in DS (DS-AD).

Palmitoylated small GTPase ARL15 is translocated within Golgi network during adipogenesis.

The small GTPase ARF family member ARL15 gene locus is associated in population studies with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, lower adiponectin and higher fasting insulin levels. Previously, loss of ARL15 was shown to reduce insulin secretion in a human β-cell line and loss-of-function mutations are found in some lipodystrophy patients. We set out to understand the role of ARL15 in adipogenesis and showed that endogenous ARL15 palmitoylated and localised in the Golgi of mouse liver.

The effects of Cstb duplication on APP/amyloid-β pathology and cathepsin B activity in a mouse model.

People with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is in part because of triplication of a chromosome 21 gene, APP. This gene encodes amyloid precursor protein, which is cleaved to form amyloid-β that accumulates in the brains of people who have AD.

A Circulating Exosome RNA Signature Is a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Pancreatic Cancer, a Systematic Study.

Several exosome proteins, miRNAs and mutations have been investigated in the hope of carrying out the early detection of pancreatic cancer with high sensitivity and specificity, but they have proven to be insufficient. Exosome RNAs, however, have not been extensively evaluated in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating exosome RNAs in pancreatic cancer detection.

Syndecan-1 and KRAS Gene Expression Signature Associates With Patient Survival in Pancreatic Cancer.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of syndecan-1 (SDC1) and KRAS molecular characteristics with patient survival in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Both SDC1 mRNA and methylation and KRAS mRNA and somatic mutations, as well as clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Alta pancreatic cancer data set for survival analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis for coexpressed genes for either SDC1 or KRAS was performed, respectively.

How Does Diabetes Impair Penile Tissues during Erectile Dysfunction?

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant but underestimated complication during diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, few special treatments are available clinically due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets. Genomic analysis can be helpful to find potential targets.