[Dihydroartemisinin enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer cells by negatively regulating the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway].

Objectives: To investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) on proliferation and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 50, 100 or 150 μmol/L DHA, 0.5 μmol/L DOX, or with 50 μmol/L DHA combined with 0.

CHOP aggravates hepatocyte apoptosis upon endoplasmic reticulum stress by down-regulating autophagy.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis is involved in various liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. Hepatocytes respond to ER stress by eliciting unfolded protein response (UPR) and enhancing autophagy. Autophagy is a pivotal mechanism for sustaining normal ER function, through degradation of damaged ER fragments and removal of abnormal protein aggregates in the ER lumen.

Comparative efficacy and safety of dupilumab versus newly approved biologics and JAKi in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The newly approved biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) offer additional options for clinical treatment. However, the efficacy and safety differences compared to the first approved biologic, dupilumab, remain unclear. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate these differences and identify potentially superior agents.

Pharmacological interventions for the management of anesthesia and sedation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have an increased risk of complications when they undergo sedation or general anesthesia. However, due to improvements in cardiopulmonary therapies during anesthetic care, patients with DMD are experiencing an unprecedented duration of survival. We performed a systematic analysis to assess the benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions for the management of anesthesia and sedation in DMD patients.

Suoquan Wan mitigates bladder overactivity via modulation of neuroimmune homeostasis in perimenopausal rats.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common disorder in perimenopausal women, involving detrusor regulation by bladder neuro-immune interactions. While Suoquan Wan (SQW) has shown efficacy in alleviating OAB symptoms, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of SQW on perimenopausal overactive bladder (OAB) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms in restoring bladder neuro-immune homeostasis.

Association of DNA methylation of RASSF1A and SHOX2 with lung cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study estimates the research upon the potential worth of Ras association domain family member 1 A (RASSF1A) and short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) DNA methylation in lung cancer (LC) diagnosis.

Methods: Open-published research was searched through PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biology Medicine Literature Database. Data on true positives, false positives, false negatives, and true negatives were extracted.

Unlocking nitrogen management potential via large-scale farming for air quality and substantial co-benefits.

China's sustained air quality improvement is hindered by unregulated ammonia (NH) emissions from inefficient nitrogen management in smallholder farming. Although the Chinese government is promoting a policy shift to large-scale farming, the benefits of this, when integrated with nitrogen management, remain unclear. Here we fill this gap using an integrated assessment, by combining geostatistical analysis, high-resolution emission inventories, farm surveys and air quality modeling.

Aspirational nitrogen interventions accelerate air pollution abatement and ecosystem protection.

Although reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions from food and energy production contribute to multi-dimensional environmental damages, integrated management of Nr is still lacking owing to unclear future mitigation potentials and benefits. Here, we find that by 2050, high-ambition compared to low-ambition N interventions reduce global ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions by 21 and 22 TgN/a, respectively, equivalent to 40 and 52% of their 2015 levels. This would mitigate population-weighted PM2.

Prediction of Chinese suitable habitats of Panax notoginseng under climate change based on MaxEnt and chemometric methods.

Notoginseng saponin R1; ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd; the sum of the five saponins; and underground-part fresh weight (UPFW) of single plants were used as quality evaluation indices for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H.

Regime shift in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in the rural United States.

Secondary inorganic aerosols play an important role in air pollution and climate change, and their formation modulates the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (including oxidized and reduced nitrogen), thus impacting the nitrogen cycle. Large-scale and long-term analyses of secondary inorganic aerosol formation based on model simulations have substantial uncertainties. Here we improve constraints on secondary inorganic aerosol formation using decade-long in situ observations of aerosol composition and gaseous precursors from multiple monitoring networks across the United States.

Comprehensive assessment of mRNA isoform detection methods for long-read sequencing data.

The advancement of Long-Read Sequencing (LRS) techniques has significantly increased the length of sequencing to several kilobases, thereby facilitating the identification of alternative splicing events and isoform expressions. Recently, numerous computational tools for isoform detection using long-read sequencing data have been developed. Nevertheless, there remains a deficiency in comparative studies that systemically evaluate the performance of these tools, which are implemented with different algorithms, under various simulations that encompass potential influencing factors.

Functional Divergence in Orthologous Transcription Factors: Insights from AtCBF2/3/1 and OsDREB1C.

Despite traditional beliefs of orthologous genes maintaining similar functions across species, growing evidence points to their potential for functional divergence. C-repeat binding factors/dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1s (CBFs/DREB1s) are critical in cold acclimation, with their overexpression enhancing stress tolerance but often constraining plant growth. In contrast, a recent study unveiled a distinctive role of rice OsDREB1C in elevating nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), photosynthesis, and grain yield, implying functional divergence within the CBF/DREB1 orthologs across species.

Weight status changes from childhood to adulthood were associated with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.

Aim: Few studies have assessed the association between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood using national Chinese data.

Methods: We included 649 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009 and divided them into four groups by their body mass index from 6 to 37 years of age.

CO Valorization in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

The deep eutectic solvent (DES) has emerged in recent years as a valuable medium for converting CO into valuable chemicals because of its easy availability, stability, and safety, and its capability to dissolve carbon dioxide. CO valorization in DES has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years. As well as being used as solvents for acid/base-promoted CO conversion for the production of cyclic carbonates and carbamates, DESs can be used as reaction media for electrochemical CO reduction for formic acid and CO.

CRISPR-TE: a web-based tool to generate single guide RNAs targeting transposable elements.

Background: The CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as powerful tools in genome engineering. Recent studies highlighting the crucial role of transposable elements (TEs) have stimulated research interest in manipulating these elements to understand their functions. However, designing single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that are specific and efficient for TE manipulation is a significant challenge, given their sequence repetitiveness and high copy numbers.

CAROTID ARTERY ULTRASOUND FOR ASSESSING FLUID RESPONSIVENESS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MECHANICAL VENTILATION WITH LOW TIDAL VOLUME AND PRESERVED SPONTANEOUS BREATHING.

Objective : This study aimed to investigate whether changes in carotid artery corrected flow time (ΔFTc bolus ) and carotid artery peak flow velocity respiratory variation (Δ V peak bolus ) induced by the fluid challenge could reliably predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with a tidal volume < 8 mL/kg Predicted Body Weight while preserving spontaneous breathing. Methods : Carotid artery corrected flow time, Δ V peak, and hemodynamic data were measured before and after administration of 250 mL crystalloids. Fluid responsiveness was defined as a 10% or more increase in stroke volume index as assessed by noninvasive cardiac output monitoring after the fluid challenge.

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid upregulates reticulophagy receptor expression and promotes cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common clinical condition with a poor prognosis and few effective treatment options. Potent anticancer agents for treating HCC must be identified. Epigenetics plays an essential role in HCC tumorigenesis.

Baseline correction for Raman spectra using a spectral estimation-based asymmetrically reweighted penalized least squares method.

Baseline correction is necessary for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples because of the existence of background fluorescence interference in Raman spectra. The asymmetric least squares (ALS) method is an adaptive and automated algorithm that avoids peak detection operations along with other user interactions. However, current ALS-based improved algorithms only consider the smoothness configuration of regions where the signals are greater than the fitted baseline, which results in smoothing distortion.

Summertime Urban Ammonia Emissions May Be Substantially Underestimated in Beijing, China.

Ammonia (NH) is critical to the nitrogen cycle and PM formation, yet a great deal of uncertainty exists in its urban emission quantifications. Model-underestimated NH concentrations have been reported for cities, yet few studies have provided an explanation. Here, we explore reasons for severe WRF-Chem model underestimations of NH concentrations in Beijing in August 2018, including simulated gas-particle partitioning, meteorology, regional transport, and emissions, using spatially refined (3 km resolution) NH emission estimates in the agricultural sector for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and in the traffic sector for Beijing.

Global food loss and waste embodies unrecognized harms to air quality and biodiversity hotspots.

Global food loss and waste (FLW) undermines the resilience and sustainability of food systems and is closely tied to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals on climate, resource use and food security. Here we reveal strong yet under-discussed interconnections between FLW and two other Sustainable Development Goals of Human Health and Life on Land via the nitrogen cycle. We find that eliminating global FLW in 2015 would have reduced anthropogenic NH emissions associated with food production by 11.

Dissecting peri-implantation development using cultured human embryos and embryo-like assembloids.

Studies of cultured embryos have provided insights into human peri-implantation development. However, detailed knowledge of peri-implantation lineage development as well as underlying mechanisms remains obscure. Using 3D-cultured human embryos, herein we report a complete cell atlas of the early post-implantation lineages and decipher cellular composition and gene signatures of the epiblast and hypoblast derivatives.

Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM mitigation in Europe.

Excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), including nitrogen oxides (NO) and ammonia (NH), contributes strongly to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution in Europe, posing challenges to public health. Designing cost-effective Nr control roadmaps for PM mitigation requires considering both mitigation efficiencies and implementation costs. Here we identify optimal Nr control pathways for Europe by integrating emission estimations, air quality modeling, exposure-mortality modeling, Nr control experiments and cost data.

Efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation among patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients who undergo gastrointestinal endoscopy often require propofol-based sedation combined with analgesics. At present, the efficacy and safety of esketamine as an adjunct to propofol for sedation during endoscopic procedures in patients remains controversial. Moreover, there is no universal agreement regarding the appropriate dose of esketamine supplementation.