Interactions between excitatory neurons and parvalbumin interneurons in V1 underlie neural mechanisms of amblyopia and visual stimulation treatment.

As the main cause of visual function deficits in children and adolescents worldwide, amblyopia causes serious impairment of monocular visual acuity and stereopsis. The recovery of visual functions from amblyopia beyond the critical period is slow and incomplete due to the limited plasticity of the mature cortex; notably, visual stimulation training seems to be an effective therapeutic strategy in clinical practice. However, the precise neural basis and cellular mechanisms that underlie amblyopia and visual stimulation treatment remain to be elucidated.

Brain alterations in adolescents with first-episode depression who have experienced adverse events: evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Adverse life events constitute primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), influencing brain function and structure. Adolescents, with their brains undergoing continuous development, are particularly susceptible to enduring impacts of adverse events.

Methods: We investigated differences and correlations among childhood trauma, negative life events, and alterations of brain function in adolescents with first-episode MDD.

The relationship between serum resolvin D1, NLRP3, cytokine levels, and adolescents with first-episode medication-naïve major depressive disorder.

Background: Inflammation has become a critical pathological mechanism of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). NLRP3 is a critical inflammatory pathway to maintain the immune balance. Recently, preclinical evidence showed that Resolvin D1 might potentially offer a new option for antidepressant treatment due to its protective effects through the inhibition of neuroinflammation.

The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Anxiety among Chinese Adolescents: A Twin Study.

This study explored the influence of genetic and environmental factors on adolescent anxiety. Ninety-eight monozygotic and dizygotic twins from Chongqing, China (aged 15-18 years) were assessed for anxiety with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were applied to assess environmental factors.

Altered EEG Microstates Dynamics in Individuals with Subthreshold Depression When Generating Negative Future Events.

Negative bias in prospection may play a crucial role in driving and maintaining depression. Recent research suggests abnormal activation and functional connectivity in regions of the default mode network (DMN) during future event generation in depressed individuals. However, the neural dynamics during prospection in these individuals remain unknown.

NOD2 silencing promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Recent years have witnessed increasing studies on the effect of epigenetic silencing of genes in the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study investigates whether the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) participates in the cell apoptosis and drug resistance of CLL cells. Cells were treated with adriamycin (ADR), etoposide, aclacinomycin and daunorubicin.

In vivo analyses reveal hippocampal subfield volume reductions in adolescents with schizophrenia, but not with major depressive disorder.

Background: Adult studies have reported atypicalities in the hippocampus and subfields in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Both affective and psychotic disorders typically onset in adolescence, when human brain develops rapidly and shows increased susceptibility to adverse environments. However, few in vivo studies have investigated whether hippocampus subfield abnormalities occur in adolescence and whether they differ between SCZ and MDD cases.

Transcriptome comparative analysis of amygdala-hippocampus in depression: A rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).

Background: Depression is a common and complex mental disease, and its pathogenesis involves several brain regions. Abnormalities in the amygdala-hippocampal neural circuits have been shown to be involved in depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

A Bivariate Twin Study of Cortical Surface Area and Verbal and Nonverbal Intellectual Skills in Adolescence.

Understanding the biological basis of cognitive differences between individuals is the goal in human intelligence research. The surface area of the cortex is considered to be a key determinant of human intelligence. Adolescence is a period of development characterized by physiological, emotional, behavioral, and psychosocial changes, which is related to the recombination and optimization of the cerebral cortex, and cognitive ability changes significantly in children and adolescents.

The Efficacy and Tolerability of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Patients with Arachnoid Cysts: A Retrospective Chart Study.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapy for many psychiatric illnesses. However, intracranial occupying lesions are a relative contraindication to ECT. Arachnoid cysts are benign, congenital, and space-occupying lesions.

Is depression the contraindication of anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylosis?

Objective: To evaluate whether depression is the contraindication of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylosis.

Material And Methods: Patients with single-segment cervical spondylosis who underwent ACDF from January 2015 to December 2018 in our department were retrospectively included in this study and divided into two groups. Patients who were diagnosed of depression and prescribed with antidepressant drugs for at least 6 months before surgery were included in the intervention group.

Fabrication of lignin reinforced hybrid hydrogels with antimicrobial and self-adhesion for strain sensors.

Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from various biological macromolecules are ideal materials for the manufacture of human motion sensors from the perspective of resource regeneration and environmental sustainability. However, it is still challenging to prepare hydrogels with both high toughness and self-healing ability. In this study, lignin-based β-CD-PVA (LCP) self-healing conductive hydrogels with high tensile properties were prepared by one-step method using alkali lignin as a plasticizer.

Childhood trauma and the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α are risk factors for major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in adolescents: A cross-sectional and case-control study.

Background: It has been reported that childhood trauma and inflammation are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but previous researches were almost aimed at adults. The aim of the present research is to observe the alteration of peripheral interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adolescents (12-20 years) with MDD and SZ, to investigate the impact of childhood abuse in early-onset MDD and SZ, and to furtherly explore the correlation between childhood maltreatment and plasma IL-6, TNF-α levels.

Subjects And Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is applied to obtain the plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in 55 patients with MDD, 51 patients with SZ and 47 healthy minors.

Cortical thickness distinguishes between major depression and schizophrenia in adolescents.

Background: Early diagnosis of adolescent psychiatric disorder is crucial for early intervention. However, there is extensive comorbidity between affective and psychotic disorders, which increases the difficulty of precise diagnoses among adolescents.

Methods: We obtained structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 150 adolescents, including 67 and 47 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as 34 healthy controls (HC) to explore whether psychiatric disorders could be identified using a machine learning technique.

Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report.

Background: Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) with skin metastasis as initial manifestation is clinically rare. In this study, we report a rare case of skin metastasis of DA.

Case Presentation: An 84-year-old male patient developed multiple ecchymoses on the trunk and lower extremities.

Functional and Structural Connectivity Between the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Insula Could Predict the Antidepressant Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Background: The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in depression is nonuniform across patients. This study aims to determine whether baseline neuroimaging characters can provide a pretreatment predictive effect for rTMS.

Methods: Twenty-seven treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled and scanned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging.

Depression and stress levels increase risk of liver cancer through epigenetic downregulation of hypocretin.

Recent studies suggest that Hypocretin (HCRT, Orexin) are involved in stress regulation of depression through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the molecular mechanism by which Hypocretin regulate neurobiological responses is unknown. Herein, the effects of chronic stress on the epigenetic modification of HCRT and its association with depression were explored with regard to a potential role in cancer progression.

Author Correction: Predicting individual responses to the electroconvulsive therapy with hippocampal subfield volumes in major depression disorder.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The Impact of Whole Brain Global Functional Connectivity Density Following MECT in Major Depression: A Follow-Up Study.

To explore the alteration of global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in depressive patients after modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) and analyze the relationship between gFCD and clinical outcome. Thirty-seven subjects were evaluated based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10), consisting of a depressive group (24 patients after follow-ups) and a healthy control group with 13 normal individuals. All participants received Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.

[A twin study on externalizing problem behavior in adolescents in Chongqing City].

Objective: To explore the relations of adolescents externalizing problem behavior to genetic and environmental factors through twin study.

Methods: The externalizing problem behavior of 66 twin pairs from Chongqing City( aged from 12 to 18years) were investigated with the Youth Self-Report( YSR). The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire( PSDQ) and Family Stresses Questionnaire( FSQ), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale( FACES) and Stressful Life Event( SLE) were applied to assess their environment factors.

Comparative efficacy and safety of L. for treating mild to moderate major depressive disorder in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of saffron in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison to placebo and synthetic antidepressants.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a systematic search in several electronic databases as well as manual search in bibliographies of relevant studies. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated the efficacy and safety of saffron for treating MDD in adults in comparison to either placebo or synthetic antidepressants.

Predicting individual responses to the electroconvulsive therapy with hippocampal subfield volumes in major depression disorder.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depression disorder (MDD). ECT can induce neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in hippocampus, which contains distinct subfields, e.g.