Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2030: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: This study aims to systematically elucidate the burden of blindness and vision loss (BVL) attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 and to forecast the trends in BVL burden over the next decade.

Methods: We extracted data on years lived with disability (YLDs) and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR) related to blindness and vision loss (BVL) caused by smoking, including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the years 1990 to 2021. These data were disaggregated by age, gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), region, and country.

Effects of Food on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of HA121-28 Tablet, a Novel Multi-Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Subjects: A Phase I Clinical Trial.

Purpose: HA121-28, a novel multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has dual efficacy against tumor growth and neovascularization. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of high-fat and high-calorie food on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and safety of HA121-28 tablet in healthy subjects.

Patients And Methods: A single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover-designed phase I clinical trial was conducted.

Essential oils from Amorpha fruticosa against hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology.

Background: Amorpha fruticosa was used for treating burn, ambustion, carbuncle, and eczema in the traditional Chinese medicine. Although more and more attention has been paid to its biological activity recently, the antitumor activities of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from its leaves (AFLEO) and flowers (AFFEO), and their molecular mechanisms have never been reported up to now. The objective of present study was to examine the chemical compositions of AFLEO and AFFEO, then investigate the effects and pharmacological mechanism of EOs against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Exploring insulin resistance and pancreatic function in individuals with overweight and obesity: Insights from OGTTs and IRTs.

To investigate insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function in overweight or obese people under the same glucose tolerance conditions. The subjects were categorized based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the BMI classification criteria. Basal and postprandial glucose concentrations, insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β), the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the insulin early secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30) were compared between the different weight groups.

Physicochemically protected organic carbon release is the rate-limiting step of rhizosphere priming in paddy soils.

Iron oxides affect the stability of soil organic matter (SOM), which in turn affects greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soils. They also regulate the direction and magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) by restricting SOM accessibility and microbial activity. However, the controlling steps and key factors that regulate the RPE magnitude under anoxic conditions are unknown.

Polydopamine-Based Targeted Nanosystem for Chemo/Photothermal Therapy of Retinoblastoma in a Mouse Orthotopic Model.

Background: At present, the few photothermal/chemotherapy studies about retinoblastoma that have been reported are mainly restricted to ectopic models involving subcutaneous implantation. However, eyeball is unique physiological structure, the blood-retina barrier (BRB) hinders the absorption of drug molecules through the systemic route. Moreover, the abundant blood circulation in the fundus accelerates drug metabolism.

Early and long-term responses of intestinal microbiota and metabolites to I treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer patients.

Background: Multiple high doses of I therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) might disrupt the balance of gut microbiota and metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of intestinal bacteria and metabolism over two courses of I therapy, explore the interactions, and construct diagnostic models reflecting enteric microecology based on I therapy.

Methods: A total of 81 patients were recruited for the first I therapy (I-1st), among whom 16 received a second course (I-2nd) after half a year.

Shear-Strained Pd Single-Atom Electrocatalysts for Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction method (NitRR) is a low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and efficient method for synthesizing ammonia, which has received widespread attention in recent years. Copper-based catalysts have a leading edge in nitrate reduction due to their good adsorption of *NO. However, the formation of active hydrogen (*H) on Cu surfaces is difficult and insufficient, resulting in a large amount of the by-product NO .

GRHPR, Targeted by miR-138-5p, Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer. This study elucidates the role of Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) in HCC proliferation and metastasis, along with its molecular mechanism, and identifies miRNAs targeting GRHPR. Expression levels of GRHPR and miR-138-5p were assessed using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot techniques.

Isolation, purification, and biological activities of polysaccharides from flowers.

The extraction, isolation, structural characterisation and biological activities of polysaccharides from flowers were investigated. First, the crude polysaccharide AFP was extracted, and two major purified polysaccharide fractions AFP-2 and AFP-3 were isolated. The molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions of AFP-2 and AFP-3 were determined.

Determining individual suitability for neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer patients through deep learning.

Background: The survival advantage of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) for breast cancer patients remains controversial, especially when considering the heterogeneous characteristics of individual patients.

Objective: To discern the variability in responses to breast cancer treatment at the individual level and propose personalized treatment recommendations utilizing deep learning (DL).

Methods: Six models were developed to offer individualized treatment suggestions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma cells downregulate NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B3 to maintain reactive oxygen species homeostasis.

Background: HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCC remains elusive. Since a primary ROS source is the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex Ι and the NADH:ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B3 (NDUFB3), a complex I subunit, is critical for complex I assembly and regulates the associated ROS production, we hypothesize that some HCCs progress by hijacking NDUFB3 to maintain ROS homeostasis.

GLUD1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via ROS-mediated p38/JNK MAPK pathway activation and mitochondrial apoptosis.

Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) is an important enzyme in glutamine metabolism. Previously, we found GLUD1 was down-regulated in tumor tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients by proteomics study. To explore its role in the progression of HCC, the expressional level of GLUD1 was firstly examined and presented as that both the protein and mRNA levels were down-regulated in tumor tissues compared to the normal liver tissues.

Changes in Isoleucine, Sarcosine, and Dimethylglycine During OGTT as Risk Factors for Diabetes.

Context: Current metabolomics studies in diabetes have focused on the fasting state, while only a few have addressed the satiated state.

Objective: We combined the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and metabolomics to examine metabolite-level changes in populations with different glucose tolerance statuses and to evaluate the potential risk of these changes for diabetes.

Methods: We grouped participants into those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NDM).

Characterisation and skin protection activities of polysaccharides from .

The bioactivities of crude polysaccharides from leaves (L-Ps) and flowers (F-Ps) of (Maxim.) P. D.

Analysis of the impact of high-speed rail on the spatio-temporal distribution of residential population and industrial structure.

With the development of high-speed rail, the spatiotemporal distance among regions has been shortened. However, the research on the spatiotemporal distribution and correlation of resident population and industrial structure caused by the opening of high-speed railway is relatively few. This study is aimed to explore the impact of high-speed rail on resident population and industrial structure, as well as the spatiotemporal agglomeration and evolution trend.

Microwave Regenerable Nickel, Zinc Co-doped Nitrogen-Coordinated Porous Carbon Catalyst for Nitrogen Fixation.

More than 90% of the global NH synthesis is dominated by the Haber-Bosch process, which consumes 2% of the worldwide energy and generates 1.44% of the global carbon emission. The electrochemical N reduction reaction (NRR) is regarded as an attractive alternative route to produce NH under mild reaction conditions, but the electrocatalysts suffer from the difficulty of N≡N cleavage.

Epinodosin suppresses the proliferation, invasion, and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by mediating miRNA-143-3p/Bcl-2 axis.

Epinodosin has shown antibacterial and antitumor biological characteristics in the documents. We found that Epinodosin has an effective inhibitory effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the potential roles and mechanisms of Epinodosin in ESCC remain unclear.

Oxygen Vacancy Engineering of Fe-Doped NiMoO for Electrocatalytic N Fixation to NH.

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising method for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions. However, the NRR performance is limited to an extremely strong N≡N bond in N and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Introducing oxygen vacancies (OVs) has been considered as a forceful means to accelerate the sluggish NRR reaction kinetics.

Characterization of Causing Anthracnose on Rubber Trees in Yunnan: Two New Records and Two New Species from China.

Among the most damaging diseases of rubber trees is anthracnose caused by the genus , which leads to significant economic losses. Nonetheless, the specific spp. that infect rubber trees in Yunnan Province, an important natural rubber base in China, have not been extensively investigated.