Targeted gut microbiome therapy: Applications and prospects of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and natural products in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide. Studies have shown significant differences in the gut microbiota between healthy individuals and T2DM patients, suggesting that gut microorganisms may play a key role in the onset and progression of T2DM. This review systematically summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM, and explores the mechanisms through which gut microorganisms may alleviate T2DM.

Pharmacologically induced autoimmune encephalitis-disproportionality analysis utilizing FAERS database.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a neuroimmune disorder that presents significant diagnostic challenges. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database can help explore the relationship between drugs and AE, but comprehensive studies are lacking. This study aims to analyze the association between drugs and AE using the FAERS database, providing insights for clinical practice and pharmacovigilance.

Analysis of volatile flavour compounds in different potato varieties and regions and the effect of soil elements on starch content.

This study aims to analyze the differences in flavor compounds of potatoes from various varieties and regions, as well as to explore the impact of soil elements on starch content in potatoes. Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to identify volatile flavor compounds in 18 potatoes representing 4 different varieties from 5 different regions. The relative odor activity (rOAV) was utilized for principal component analysis to establish a comprehensive scoring model for potato volatile flavor compounds.

Adverse events associated with oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in against influenza virus therapy: A pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS database.

Background: Influenza virus is a widespread pathogen that poses significant health risks to humans. Oseltamivir and Baloxavir Marboxil are commonly utilized medications for both treating and preventing influenza infections. Despite their widespread use, there remains a need to thoroughly investigate their safety profiles and potential adverse reactions.

Correlation between organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competencies among long-term care assistants: a structural equation model.

Introduction: Long-term care assistants are taking on more important roles in the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to investigate what demographic factors influence the core competencies of nursing assistants, as well as to investigate the levels of organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competencies among nursing assistants in China, to explore the relationship between them.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection based on a self-report questionnaire.

Cardiac telerehabilitation under 5G internet of things monitoring: a randomized pilot study.

Owing to issues such as time and cost, patients often show poor acceptance of and adherence to center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR), which impacts the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Therefore, there is growing interest in home-based cardiac rehabilitation and cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR), which entail less time and cost than CBCR. This study aimed to compare the changes in physiological and psychological indicators, compliance, and satisfaction after CTR and CBCR.

Effect of "maccog" TCM tea on improving glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes in community.

Objectives: This work aimed to observe the effect of consuming Chinese herb tea on glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Ninety patients with T2DM were recruited from a community and randomly divided into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). CG maintained conventional treatment and lifestyle, and IG accepted additional "maccog" traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tea (mulberry leaf, radix astragali, corn stigma, cortex lycii, radix ophiopogonis, and gynostemma) for 12 weeks.

hUC-MSCs: evaluation of acute and long-term routine toxicity testing in mice and rats.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are present in human umbilical connective tissue and can differentiate into various cell types. Our previous studies have proved that hUC-MSCs do not lead to allergies and tumorigenesis. In the present study, the acute and long-term toxicity of hUC-MSCs in mice and rats was evaluated.

Impact of different Streptococcus pneumoniae on the secretion of interleukin and adhesin from THP-1 monocytes.

Background: To investigate the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and soluble intercellular adhesin molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from THP-1 monocytes stimulated by different Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae) strains.

Methods: Fifty-eight strains of S pneumoniae were collected: ATCC49619, 23 from sputum (sd-SP), 23 from blood (bd-SP), and 11 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; cd-SP). Such strains were cultured and suspended at 0.

Effects of a GSK-3β inhibitor on the renal expression levels of RANK, RANKL and NF-κB in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) on the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and NF-κB in the renal tissues of rats modeling diabetic nephropathy (DN). The rats were allocated at random into three groups, as follows: Normal control group (NC), the DN model group (DNM group) and the DN model lithium chloride (LiCl) intervention group (DNI group). Urinary proteins were examined by staining with the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye for 24 h.

[Impact of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor on Wnt and NF-κB signal pathways in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy].

Objective: To explore the impact of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) on Wnt and NF-κB pathways in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), DN model group (DM) and GSK-3β inhibitor group (DI). Blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein were monitored in three groups.

Potential Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Regulation of Myocardin Activity in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a serine/threonine kinase with an inhibitory role in glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes and skeletal muscle, is also expressed in cardiac and smooth muscles. Inhibition of GSK-3β results in cardiac hypertrophy through reducing phosphorylation and increasing transcriptional activity of myocardin, a transcriptional co-activator for serum response factor. Myocardin plays critical roles in differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Opposite roles of myocardin and atrogin-1 in L6 myoblast differentiation.

L6 rat myoblasts undergo differentiation and myotube formation when cultured in medium containing a low-concentration of serum, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. The role of atrogin-1, an E3 ligase with well-characterized roles in muscle atrophy, has not been defined in muscle differentiation. Myocardin is a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), which together promotes smooth muscle differentiation.

Corn baked by burning coal triggered overexpression of osteopontin in hepatocytes of rats following fluorosis.

Objective: To observe the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocytes of rats fed with corn baked by burning coal from fluorosis areas and a deficiency of calcium/protein intake following fluorosis.

Methods: A total of 48 Wistar rats as objects were randomly assorted into four groups: dose-free fluorine group, which were mainly fed with fluorine-free corn (56% structurally), dose-free fluorine with biased dietary group, which were fed with lower contents of protein (119.41 g/kg) and calcium (0.