A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis.

Humans evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex, associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications . Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved genomic sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to human-specific cortical development is largely unknown .

A Customisable Data Acquisition System for Open-Source Hyperspectral Imaging.

Hyperspectral imagers, or imaging spectrometers, are used in many remote sensing environmental studies in fields such as agriculture, forestry, geology, and hydrology. In recent years, compact hyperspectral imagers were developed using commercial-off-the-shelf components, but there are not yet any off-the-shelf data acquisition systems on the market to deploy them. The lack of a self-contained data acquisition system with navigation sensors is a challenge that needs to be overcome to successfully deploy these sensors on remote platforms such as drones and aircraft.

Apoptotic cell-derived metabolites in efferocytosis-mediated resolution of inflammation.

The resolution of inflammation, as part of standard host defense mechanism, is the process to guarantee timely termination of inflammatory responses and eventual restoration of tissue homeostasis . It is mainly achieved via efferocytosis, during which pro-resolving macrophages clear apoptotic neutrophils at the inflammatory site. Unfortunately, impaired resolution can be the leading cause of chronic inflammatory disorders and some autoimmune diseases.

S5, a Withanolide Isolated from Physalis Pubescens L., Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest via the EGFR/P38 Pathway in Human Melanoma A375 Cells.

S5 is a withanolide natural product isolated from Physalis pubescens L. Our previous experimental studies found that it has significant antitumor activity on renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, the anti-melanoma effect of S5 and the related molecular mechanism was first investigated.

Determinants of knowledge translation from health technology assessment to policy-making in China: From the perspective of researchers.

Background: For health technology assessment (HTA) to be more policy relevant and for health technology-related decision-making to be truly evidence-based, promoting knowledge translation (KT) is of vital importance. Although some research has focused on KT of HTA, there is a dearth of literature on KT determinants and the situation in developing countries and transitional societies remains largely unknown.

Objective: To investigate the determinants of HTA KT from research to health policy-making from the perspective of researchers in China.

Realizing a finite array of dipole sources with high acoustic transmission directivity at low frequency.

A finite array of dipole sources is used to enhance the directivity and radiation gains of sound. This letter demonstrates that this idea can be realized as several sub-wavelength slits in a plate with periodic Helmholtz resonators. Moreover, the array gain of this structure can be further improved by adjusting the effective boundary impedance.

Acoustic radiation force on a sphere in a progressive and standing zero-order quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam.

By means of series expansion theory, the incident quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam is expanded using spherical harmonic functions, and the beam coefficients of the quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam are calculated. According to the theory, the acoustic radiation force function, which is the radiation force per unit energy on a unit cross-sectional surface on a sphere made of diverse materials and immersed in an ideal fluid along the propagation axis of zero-order quasi-Bessel-Gauss progressive and standing beams, is investigated. The acoustic radiation force function is calculated as a function of the spherical radius parameter ka and the half-cone angle β with different beam widths in a progressive and standing zero-order Bessel-Gauss beam.

Combined oridonin with cetuximab treatment shows synergistic anticancer effects on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: involvement of inhibition of EGFR and activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK pathway.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed at high levels in a large proportion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Cetuximab (Cet), an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, has limited clinical outcome for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our previous studies showed that oridonin (ORI), a natural and safe kaurene diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, inhibited cell growth in HEp-2 cells through inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation.

Physalin A induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: involvement of the p38 MAPK/ROS pathway.

Physalin A (PA) is an active withanolide isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine named Jindenglong, which has long been used for the treatment of sore throat, hepatitis, and tumors in China. In the present study, we firstly investigated the effects of PA on proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line, and the potential mechanisms involved.

Differences in evaluating health technology assessment knowledge translation by researchers and policy makers in China.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the gaps between researchers and policy makers in perceptions and influencing factors of knowledge translation (KT) of health technology assessment (HTA) in China.

Methods: A sample of 382 HTA researchers and 112 policy makers in China were surveyed using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires contained two sections: perceptions of HTA research and assessments of six-stage KT activities.

Cost effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. While many studies have reported on the cost-effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes, a systematic review of economic evaluations of DPP-4 inhibitors is currently lacking.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the cost effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Negative birefraction of acoustic waves in a sonic crystal.

Optical birefringence and dichroism are classical and important effects originating from two independent polarizations of optical waves in anisotropic crystals. Furthermore, the distinct dispersion relations of transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized electromagnetic waves in photonic crystals can lead to birefringence more easily. However, it is impossible for acoustic waves in the fluid to show such a birefringence because only the longitudinal mode exists.

Contact acoustic nonlinearity in a bonded solid-solid interface.

We have conducted research on the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) produced by a bonded solid-solid interface in order to find a nondestructive and quantitative method to evaluate the bonding strength of the interface. A CAN model is used to depict a bonded state from the relationship between the CAN parameter and the bonding strength and the crack width in the interface. According to this model, a nondestructive evaluation of the bonding strength can be established.

Acoustic backward-wave negative refractions in the second band of a sonic crystal.

Acoustic negative refractions with backward-wave (BW) effects were both theoretically and experimentally established in the second band of a two-dimensional (2D) triangular sonic crystal (SC). Intense Bragg scatterings result in the extreme deformation of the second band equifrequency surface (EFS) into two classes: one around the K point and the other around the point of the reduced Brillouin zone. The two classes can lead to BW negative refractions (BWNRs) but with reverse negative refraction dependences on frequencies and incident angles.