Unveiling novel oxygen-dependent docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis pathway in Crypthecodinium cohnii via dual-function △4-fatty acid desaturases.

Crypthecodinium cohnii, a protist renowned for its high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production, has an unclear mechanism for converting docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) into DHA. This study employed transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effect of excessive oxygen limitation (EOL) on DHA biosynthesis, uncovering a novel oxygen-dependent pathway. The use of intermittent oxygen limitation (IOL) strategy significantly boosted DHA production.

Optimizing longifolene production in via metabolic and protein engineering.

Longifolene (CH) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene widely utilized in the cosmetics and fragrances due to its versatile applications. Traditional extraction methods from plants suffer from low titer and lengthy production cycles, while chemical synthesis is hampered by the compound's complex structure, leading to high costs and insufficient market supply. This study aimed to develop a microbial cell factory for enhanced longifolene production.

Characterizing Surface Deformation of the Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao Landslide by Combining Satellite- and Ground-Based InSAR.

The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is a rare instance of super-giant landslides globally. The post-earthquake evolution of the DGBL has garnered significant attention in recent years; however, its deformation patterns remain poorly characterized owing to the complex local topography. In this study, we present the first observations of the surface dynamics of DGBL by integrating satellite- and ground-based InSAR data complemented by kinematic interpretation using a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM).

An assessment of clinical reception training using standard patient and dental simulator in prosthodontic dentistry for dental undergraduates: a historical control trial.

Background: Clinical reception training plays a crucial role in developing undergraduates' clinical thinking and competence. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical reception training conducted by standard patients (SPs) and dental simulators among undergraduate students.

Materials And Methods: In the first week of the internship, sixty-five 5-year undergraduate students were divided into two groups: SP group, which received traditional theoretical training along with clinical reception training, and control group that only received traditional theoretical training.

Dual-Mode Release of IL-4 and TCP from a PGA-SF Core-Shell Electrospinning Scaffold for Enhanced Bone Regeneration through Synergistic Immunoregulation and Osteogenesis.

The successful filling of bone defects remains challenging due to the incongruity between bone graft materials and the dynamic process of bone healing. Developing multifunctional materials matching the dynamic process of bone healing offers a viable solution to the current dilemma. Lines of evidence have shown that engineering osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterials can modulate the function of immune cells and thus promote bone regeneration.

Beyond the visible: Accounting for ultraviolet and far-red radiation in vegetation productivity and surface energy budgets.

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is typically defined as light with a wavelength within 400-700 nm. However, ultra-violet (UV) radiation within 280-400 nm and far-red (FR) radiation within 700-750 nm can also excite photosystems, though not as efficiently as PAR. Vegetation and land surface models (LSMs) typically do not explicitly account for UV's contribution to energy budgets or photosynthesis, nor FR's contribution to photosynthesis.

Stepwise degradable PGA-SF core-shell electrospinning scaffold with superior tenacity in wetting regime for promoting bone regeneration.

Regenerating bone in the oral and maxillofacial region is clinically challenging due to the complicated osteogenic environment and the limitation of existing bone graft materials. Constructing bone graft materials with controlled degradation and stable mechanical properties in a physiological environment is of utmost importance. In this study, we used silk fibroin (SF) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) to fabricate a coaxial PGA-SF fibrous scaffold (PGA-SF-FS) to meet demands for bone grafts.

The weekly cycle of photosynthesis in Europe reveals the negative impact of particulate pollution on ecosystem productivity.

Aerosols can affect photosynthesis through radiative perturbations such as scattering and absorbing solar radiation. This biophysical impact has been widely studied using field measurements, but the sign and magnitude at continental scales remain uncertain. Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), emitted by chlorophyll, strongly correlates with photosynthesis.

Nutritional ingredients and prevention of chronic diseases by fermented koumiss: a comprehensive review.

Koumiss, a traditional fermented dairy product made from fresh mare milk, is a sour beverage that contains an abundance of microbial communities, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast and others. Firstly, probiotics such as in koumiss can induce the secretion of immunoglobulin G in serum and interleukin-2 in the spleen while beneficial can secrete antibacterial compounds such as citric acid and ascorbic acid for specific immunopotentiation. Additionally, more isoflavone in koumiss can regulate estrogen levels by binding to its receptors to prevent breast cancer directly.

Bioremediation of Catechol and Concurrent Accumulation of Biocompounds by the Microalga .

Burgeoning commercial applications of catechol have led to its excessive accumulation in the environment, thereby posing a severe ecological threat. Bioremediation has emerged as a promising solution. The potential of the microalga to degrade catechol and use the byproduct as a carbon source was investigated in this study.

Asymmetry of carbon sequestrations by plant and soil after forestation regulated by soil nitrogen.

Forestation is regarded as an effective strategy for increasing terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, its carbon sink potential remains uncertain due to the scarcity of large-scale sampling data and limited knowledge of the linkage between plant and soil C dynamics. Here, we conduct a large-scale survey of 163 control plots and 614 forested plots involving 25304 trees and 11700 soil samples in northern China to fill this knowledge gap.

How drought events during the last century have impacted biomass carbon in Amazonian rainforests.

During the last two decades, inventory data show that droughts have reduced biomass carbon sink of the Amazon forest by causing mortality to exceed growth. However, process-based models have struggled to include drought-induced responses of growth and mortality and have not been evaluated against plot data. A process-based model, ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA, including forest demography with tree cohorts, plant hydraulic architecture and drought-induced tree mortality, was applied over Amazonia rainforests forced by gridded climate fields and rising CO from 1901 to 2019.

Contrasting temperature effects on the velocity of early- versus late-stage vegetation green-up in the Northern Hemisphere.

Global vegetation greening has been widely confirmed in previous studies, yet the changes in the velocity of green-up in each month of green-up period (GUP) remains unclear. Here, we defined the velocity of vegetation green-up as V (the monthly increase of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] during GUP) and further explored its response to climate change in middle-high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. We found that in early GUP, V generally showed positive trends from 1982 to 2015, whereas in late GUP, it showed negative trends in most areas.

The polycaprolactone/silk fibroin/carbonate hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffold promotes bone reconstruction by regulating the polarization of macrophages.

Macrophages are known to modulate the osteogenic environment of bone regeneration elicited by biological bone grafts. Alteration in certain chemical components tends to affect macrophages polarization. Comparatively to hydroxyapatite (HAp), carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) consists of 7.

Effect of acid-alkali treatment on serum protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion to porous titanium.

Modification of the titanium (Ti) surface is widely known to influence biological reactions such as protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion in vivo, ultimately controlling osseointegration. In this study, we sought to investigate the correlation of protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion with the nanoporous structure of acid-alkali-treated Ti implants, shedding light on the modification of Ti implants to promote osseointegration. We fabricated nontreated porous Ti (NTPT) by powder metallurgy and immersed it in mixed acids and NaOH to obtain acid-alkali-treated porous Ti (AAPT).

Effects of pore size and porosity on cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of porous titanium.

To find out the optimal porosity and pore size of porous titanium (Ti) regarding the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation. Six groups of porous Ti samples with different porosities and pore sizes were fabricated by the powder metallurgy process. The microstructure and compressive mechanical properties were characterized.

Enhancing extracellular production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by co-expressing with a haloarchaeal protein containing a putative LolA-like domain.

Escherichia coli represents one of the most widely used hosts for recombinant protein production, but its limited capacity for producing extracellular proteins is often cited as a drawback. NJ7G_0991 is an extracellular protein of the haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7-2 and comprises a signal peptide, a putative LolA-like domain, and a C-terminal domain of unknown function.

Both Phosphonic Acid- and Fluorine-Containing Poly(aryl ether)-hydroxyapatite Biocomposites: Toward Enhanced Biocompatibility and Bonelike Elastic Modulus.

Metal-based implants possess excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility and can deliver favorable performances in clinic treatments. However, modulus mismatching is considered a common defect for metal-based materials, while polymer-based materials with a bonelike elastic modulus have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for bone replacement implants. In this work, a phosphonic acid- and fluorine-containing poly(aryl ether) (PAE) resin is designed and synthesized, which is determined to be an amorphous polymer with excellent thermostability.

Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration.

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land-atmospheric carbon exchange (NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean.

Valley Polarization and Valleyresistance in a Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Superlattice.

A significant, fundamental challenge in the field of valleytronics is how to generate and regulate valley-polarized currents in practical ways. Here, we discover a new mechanism for producing valley polarization in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide superlattice, in which valley-resolved gaps are formed at the supercell Brillouin zone boundaries and centers due to intervalley scattering. When the incident energy of the electron lies in the gaps, the available states are valley polarized, thus providing a valley-polarized current from the superlattice.

Design of dental implants at materials level: An overview.

Due to the excellent restoration of masticatory function, satisfaction on aesthetics and other superiorities, dental implants represent an effective method to resolve tooth losing and damaging. Current dental implant systems still have problems waiting to be addressed, and problems are centralized on the materials of implant bodies. This review aims to summarize major developments in the field of dental implant materials, starting with an overview on structures, procedures of dental implants and challenges of implant materials.

Effects of polyethylene glycol content on the properties of a silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/polyethylene glycol electrospun scaffold.

To study the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) content on the mechanical properties and degradation of silk fibroin, nano-hydroxyapatite, and PEG (SF/nHAP/PEG) electrospun scaffolds, and according to the PEG ratio in the scaffold (SF : nHAP : PEG), test groups were divided as follows: PEG-0 (10 : 2), PEG-0.5 (10 : 2 : 0.5), PEG-1 (10 : 2 : 1), and PEG-2 (10 : 2 : 2).

Emerging negative impact of warming on summer carbon uptake in northern ecosystems.

Most studies of the northern hemisphere carbon cycle based on atmospheric CO concentration have focused on spring and autumn, but the climate change impact on summer carbon cycle remains unclear. Here we used atmospheric CO record from Point Barrow (Alaska) to show that summer CO drawdown between July and August, a proxy of summer carbon uptake, is significantly negatively correlated with terrestrial temperature north of 50°N interannually during 1979-2012. However, a refined analysis at the decadal scale reveals strong differences between the earlier (1979-1995) and later (1996-2012) periods, with the significant negative correlation only in the later period.