Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of sclera in lens-induced myopic guinea pigs.

Background: Myopia development is commonly assessed by an increase in axial length, which may lead to high myopia and visual impairment. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways in the sclera during experimental axial elongation.

Methods: A myopia guinea pig model was established using male guinea pigs aged 2-3 weeks, which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization (LIM) (study group) or were left untreated (control group).

In-vivo sclera thickness measurements in experimental myopia of guinea pigs.

The sclera is the target organ of axial elongation during myopia onset and progression. Visualizing the sclera in-vivo is important for monitoring the dynamic changes of the sclera remodeling in experimental myopia. In the present study, three-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were subjected to negative controls (n = 8), monocular negative lens-induced myopia (LIM, n = 10), or combining monocular LIM and intravitreally mTORC1 agonist (MHY1485, 4 µg) injection for inducing high myopia (LIM + MHY1485 group, n = 10) for four weeks.

Use of double-echo ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging to assess proximal femoral cortical bone changes in axial spondyloarthritis.

Objective: We quantitatively evaluated proximal femoral cortical bone changes associated with generalized bone loss in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients using double-echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. To achieve non-radiation, clinically available visualization of cortical microstructural deterioration in the proximal femur of axSpA and to determine the factors influencing it.

Materials And Methods: Patients with axSpA (n = 83) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 61) were recruited and underwent double-echo UTE MR scan of the nondominant proximal femur.

Construction of nitroreductase-responsive near-infrared composite nanoprobe and its application in tumor hypoxia imaging.

Hypoxia is an important feature in the development of solid tumors. Nitroreductase (NTR) is closely related to the level of hypoxia, thus NTR-responsive fluorescent probes with high selectivity and sensitivity will help to evaluate the degree of hypoxia and guide personalized treatment. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) NTR-activated composite nanoprobe 780-pNBC@MP-B was developed for tumor hypoxia imaging.

Efficient Harvesting Waste Heat by Zn-Ion Battery Under Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycles.

Typical technologies that can convert waste heat into electricity include thermoelectrics, thermionic capacitors, thermo-cells, thermal charge cells, and thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles. They have small thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency or poor stability, severely hindering the efficient recovery of waste heat. Herein, a thermally regenerative electrochemical Zn-ion battery to work under Carnot-like mode to efficiently harvest waste heat into electricity is successfully developed.

Global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2035.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male urological disease around the world. This study aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national burden of BPH from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035.

Methods: Using the data and methods of the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we presented the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of BPH from 1990 to 2021.

Cancer-specific dual-factor cascade recognition fluorescent probe for imaging and tumor diagnosis.

Herein, we developed a dual-factor recognition activatable probe, S1-F, which accurately lights up Bcl-2 and GSH dual-overexpressed cancer tissue with a superior tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio, highlighting the potential for this probe to be used in the visual diagnosis and imaging-guided surgery of cancer.

Cone mosaic in eyes with varied axial length using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Background: Abnormalities in cone photoreceptor topography are closely associated with the development of various ocular diseases, including axial myopia. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables high-resolution, single-cell imaging of the living human retina.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between cone topography and axial myopia using a commercial AOSLO system.

Personalized auto-segmentation for magnetic resonance imaging-guided adaptive radiotherapy of large brain metastases.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) may improve the efficacy of large brain metastases (BMs)(≥2 cm), whereas the workflow requires optimized. This study develops a two-stage, personalized deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) model to assist online delineation of large BMs.

Materials And Methods: Multi-sequences images from 177 BMs were trained to develop the basic DLAS model.

Inhibition of MALAT1 facilitates ROS accumulation via the Keap1/HO-1 pathway to enhance photodynamic therapy in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) exceeds 80 %. Our previous study indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) has potential for treating SHPT. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in various oxidative stress and apoptotic processes, but the molecular mechanism remains unreported.

Alterations in the Tongue Coating Microbiome in Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of IBS-D, however, IBS-D-associated tongue coating microbiome dysbiosis has not yet been clearly defined. To address this, we analyzed the structure and composition of the tongue coating microbiome in 23 IBS-D patients and 12 healthy controls using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that the overall observed OTUs of tongue coating microbiome in IBS-D patients exhibited a significant decrease compared with the healthy controls.

Anodic oxidation using 3D carbon felt/PbO anode: a electron transfer-mediated system for degradation of Rhodamine B.

This study investigates the use of porous structured carbon felt (CF) as a substrate for the preparation a lead dioxide (CF/PbO) anode for the electrochemical oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Compared to traditional titanium-based lead dioxide (Ti/PbO) and graphite sheet-based lead dioxide (GS/PbO) anodes, the CF/PbO anode exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, achieving a RhB degradation efficiency exceeding 99%. After 10 cycles, the electrocatalytic activity of CF/PbO anode remained robust, with a degradation efficiency of over 97%.

An integrated immunofluorescent detection system for automated and sensitive protein quantification based on a microfluidic flow cytometry platform.

Rapid and sensitive protein detection methods are of benefit to clinical diagnosis, pathological mechanism research, and infection prevention. However, routine protein detection technologies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, suffer from low sensitivity, poor quantification and labourious operation. Herein, we developed a fully automated protein analysis system to conduct fast protein quantification at the single molecular level.

Space biological and human survival: Investigations into plants, animals, microorganisms and their components and bioregenerative life support systems.

Space life science has been a frontier discipline in the life sciences, aiming to study the life phenomena of earth organisms and their activity patterns under the special environment of space. This review summarizes studies in various key topics in space life science, namely, how microbiome changes in humans and plants, the development of space agriculture and the use of animal, plant and cell models to study the effect of space environments on physiology. We highlight the new possibilities of using high-quality protein crystals uniquely available when grown under space conditions to aid drug development on earth, and the state-of-the-art Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) to achieve long term human survival in space.

Peptide with Dual Roles in Immune and Metabolic Regulation: Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (LEAP-2).

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) was originally discovered as an antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in the host innate immune system of various vertebrates. Recent research discovered LEAP-2 as an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of the GHSR1a receptor. By acting as a competitive antagonist to ghrelin, LEAP-2 influences energy balance and metabolic processes via the ghrelin-GHSR1a signaling pathway.

Novel Role of Pin1-Cis P-Tau-ApoE Axis in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Its Connection with Dementia.

Preeclampsia (preE) is a severe multisystem hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy associated with ischemia/hypoxia, angiogenic imbalance, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated dyslipidemia, placental insufficiency, and inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Our recent data further suggest that preE is associated with impaired autophagy, vascular dysfunction, and proteinopathy/tauopathy disorder, similar to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the presence of the cis stereo-isoform of phosphorylated tau (cis P-tau), amyloid-β, and transthyretin in the placenta and circulation. This review provides an overview of the factors that may lead to the induction and accumulation of cis P-tau-like proteins by focusing on the inactivation of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Pin1) that catalyzes the cis to trans isomerization of P-tau.

Synthesis and Chemical Structure of the Cyclic Heptapeptide Stylissamide H.

We investigated the chemical structures and conformational isomers of the cyclic heptapeptides stylissamide H and euryjanicin A isolated from marine sources. Despite sharing the same molecular structure, stylissamide H and euryjanicin A exhibit different conformational isomers in solution and solid states. The main difference arises from the configurations of the two Pro residues.

Nanotherapy for Neural Retinal Regeneration.

Retinal diseases can severely impair vision and even lead to blindness, posing significant threats to both physical and mental health. Physical retinal regenerative therapies are poised to revolutionize the treatment of various disorders associated with blindness. However, these therapies must overcome the challenges posed by the protective inner and outer blood‒retinal barriers.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for colorectal liver metastases: a multi-center cohort study.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a promising prognostic marker for patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, its prognostic value in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has not been sufficiently addressed.

Methods: From 2013 to 2023, a cohort of 692 patients with CRLM receiving hepatectomy were enrolled in five centers.

quantitative assessment of proximal femoral cortical bone microstructure using double-echo ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Quantitative assessment of cortical bone microstructure is crucial for the evaluation of osteoporosis, yet current clinical methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) have many limitations. The quantitative assessment without radiation can be achieved by ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where double-echo UTE has high clinical feasibility. However, related studies have mainly focused on distal extremities, and there is a lack of studies on the proximal femur.

GOLM1 promotes cholesterol gallstone formation via ABCG5-mediated cholesterol efflux in MASH livers.

Background/aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a significant risk factor for gallstone formation, but mechanisms underlying MASH-related gallstone formation remain unclear. Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) participates in hepatic cholesterol metabolism and is upregulated in MASH. Here, we aimed to explore the role of GOLM1 in MASH-related gallstone formation.

COVID-AMD database for coronavirus-infected animal models with comparative analysis tools.

Respiratory infections caused by coronaviruses have posed serious and unpredictably public health threats; reliable animal models continue to be essential for advancing our understanding of the virus's transmission, pathophysiology, and immunological mechanisms. In response to the critical need for centralized resources in coronavirus research, the COVID-AMD database (Coronavirus Disease Animal Model Database, https://www.uc-med.

MiR-101-3p Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration via the Wnt Signal Pathway in MNNG-Induced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

N-methyl-n'-nitroso-n'-nitroso guanidine (MNNG) can induce esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and microRNAs are associated with the development of ESCC and may serve as potential tumor prognostic markers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential function of miR-101-3p in MNNG-induced ESCC. An investigation of risk factors in patients with ESCC was carried out and the concentration of nine nitrosamines in urine samples was detected by the SPE-GC-MS technique.