Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review.

Circadian rhythm is ubiquitous in nature. Circadian clock genes such as Bmal1 and Clock form a multi-level transcription-translation feedback network, and regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including bone and cartilage metabolism. Deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 leads to pathological bone alterations, while the phenotypes are not consistent.

Three-dimensional bioprinting: A cutting-edge tool for designing and fabricating engineered living materials.

The design of engineered living materials (ELMs) is an emerging field developed from synthetic biology and materials science principles. ELMs are multi-scale bulk materials that combine the properties of self-healing and organism adaptability with the designed physicochemical or mechanical properties for functional applications in various fields, including therapy, electronics, and architecture. Among the many ELM design and manufacturing methods, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting stands out for its precise control over the structure of the fabricated constructs and the spatial distribution of cells.

Copper-containing titanium alloys promote angiogenesis in irradiated bone through releasing copper ions and regulating immune microenvironment.

Poor vascularization was demonstrated as a factor inhibiting bone regeneration in patients receiving radiotherapy. Various copper-containing materials have been reported to increase angiogenesis, therefore might improve bone formation. In this study, a Ti6Al4V-1.

Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy: A Nanotool for Postradiotherapy Cancer Monitoring.

Liquid biopsy has advantages over traditional biopsy, which cannot determine tumor dynamics. As a noninvasive and precise test, liquid biopsy detects biomarkers that carry information on tumor progression and has undergone tremendous development in recent years. Exosome detection is one of the methods of liquid biopsy.

Exosomes and ferroptosis: roles in tumour regulation and new cancer therapies.

Research on the biological role of exosomes is rapidly developing, and recent evidence suggests that exosomal effects involve ferroptosis. Exosomes derived from different tissues inhibit ferroptosis, which increases tumour cell chemoresistance. Therefore, exosome-mediated regulation of ferroptosis may be leveraged to design anticancer drugs.

Biodegradable Inks in Indirect Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Tissue Vascularization.

Mature vasculature is important for the survival of bioengineered tissue constructs, both and ; however, the fabrication of fully vascularized tissue constructs remains a great challenge in tissue engineering. Indirect three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting refers to a 3D printing technique that can rapidly fabricate scaffolds with controllable internal pores, cavities, and channels through the use of sacrificial molds. It has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its ability to create complex vascular network-like channels through thick tissue constructs while maintaining endothelial cell activity.

Irradiated Cell-Derived Exosomes Transmit Essential Molecules Inducing Radiation Therapy Resistance.

Radioresistance has always been a major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) progress. Radiation therapy (RT) leads to changes in the contents of released exosomes. Research has shown that irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence recipient cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

Exosomes derived from plasma: promising immunomodulatory agents for promoting angiogenesis to treat radiation-induced vascular dysfunction.

Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced vascular disorders slow down tissue regeneration. Exosomes derived from plasma exhibit potential to promote angiogenesis; meanwhile, the immune microenvironment plays a significant role in the process. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that plasma exosomes promote angiogenesis in irradiated tissue by mediating the immune microenvironment.