In Situ Encapsulation of SnS/MoS Heterojunctions by Amphiphilic Graphene for High-Energy and Ultrastable Lithium-Ion Anodes.

Lithium-ion batteries with transition metal sulfides (TMSs) anodes promise a high capacity, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness, yet they suffer from fast degradation and low Coulombic efficiency. Here, a heterostructured bimetallic TMS anode is fabricated by in situ encapsulating SnS/MoS nanoparticles within an amphiphilic hollow double-graphene sheet (DGS). The hierarchically porous DGS consists of inner hydrophilic graphene and outer hydrophobic graphene, which can accelerate electron/ion migration and strongly hold the integrity of alloy microparticles during expansion and/or shrinkage.

Using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to predict criminal charges and sentences from Taiwanese court judgments.

People unfamiliar with the law may not know what kind of behavior is considered criminal behavior or the lengths of sentences tied to those behaviors. This study used criminal judgments from the district court in Taiwan to predict the type of crime and sentence length that would be determined. This study pioneers using Taiwanese criminal judgments as a dataset and proposes improvements based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT).

Research Progress on the Composite Methods of Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

In the current challenging energy storage and conversion landscape, solid-state lithium metal batteries with high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, and high safety stand out. Due to the limitations of material properties, it is difficult to achieve the ideal requirements of solid electrolytes with a single-phase electrolyte. A composite solid electrolyte is composed of two or more different materials.

Full substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure decreases soil N O emissions driven by ammonia oxidizers and gross nitrogen transformations.

Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N O emissions, ammonia oxidizers, gross N transformation rates using a 13-year field manipulation experiment. Our results showed that organic manure reduced cumulative N O emissions by 16.

The role of the basal forebrain in general anesthesia.

The basal forebrain is a group of nerve nuclei on the ventral side of the ventral ganglion, composed of γ-aminobutyric acid neurons, glutamatergic neurons, cholinergic neurons, and orexigenic neurons. Previous studies have focused on the involvement of the basal forebrain in regulating reward, learning, movement, sleep-awakening, and other neurobiological behaviors, but its role in the regulation of general anesthesia has not been systematically elucidated. Therefore, the different neuronal subtypes in the basal forebrain and projection pathways in general anesthesia will be discussed in this paper.

Does tourism market diversification matter for CO emissions? evidence from Singapore.

This research analyzed the effect of tourism market diversification on Singapore's CO emissions by measuring the level of concentration of source countries in a foreign tourist basket of Singapore using a Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Our results indicated that the index fell over the period 1978-2020, which means the diversification of source countries of Singapore's foreign tourists increased. By applying the recent bootstrap and quantile ARDL models, we found that tourism market diversification and inward FDI act as stumbling blocks to CO emissions.

Dopamine D1-receptor-expressing pathway from the nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum-mediated sevoflurane anesthesia in mice.

Background: General anesthesia has long been used in clinical practice, but its precise pharmacological effects on neural circuits are not fully understood. Recent investigations suggest that the sleep-wake system may play a role in the reversible loss of consciousness induced by general anesthetics. Studies in mice have shown that microinjection of dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) agonists into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) promotes recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, while microinjection of D1R antagonists has the opposite effect.

Mesoporous crystalline TiSnO (0 < x < 1) solid solution for a high-performance photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.

We report a facile and effective inorganic polycondensation combined with aerosol-spray strategy towards high-performance photocatalyst by fabricating mesoporous TiSnO (0 < x < 1) solid solution. Such TiSnO nanocrystals with high Sn-doped contents are self-assembled into mesoporous spheres can effectively promote visible-light harvest and high quantum yield, leading a longer lifetime of the photoelectron-hole pairs and less recombination. Such the photocatalysts enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB).

A Robust, Fully Automatic Detection Method and Calculation Technique of Midline Shift in Intracranial Hemorrhage and Its Clinical Application.

A midline shift (MLS) is an important clinical indicator for intracranial hemorrhage. In this study, we proposed a robust, fully automatic neural network-based model for the detection of MLS and compared it with MLSs drawn by clinicians; we also evaluated the clinical applications of the fully automatic model. We recruited 300 consecutive non-contrast CT scans consisting of 7269 slices in this study.

Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities.

Limited by the size of microelectronics, as well as the space of electrical vehicles, there are tremendous demands for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric energy densities. Current lithium-ion batteries, however, adopt graphite-based anodes with low tap density and gravimetric capacity, resulting in poor volumetric performance metric. Here, by encapsulating nanoparticles of metallic tin in mechanically robust graphene tubes, we show tin anodes with high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, high rate performance, and long cycling life.

Anion-Sorbent Composite Separators for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Novel composite separators containing metal-organic-framework (MOF) particles and poly(vinyl alcohol) are fabricated by the electrospinning process. The MOF particles containing opened metal sites can spontaneously adsorb anions while allowing effective transport of lithium ions in the electrolyte, leading to dramatically improved lithium-ion transference number t (up to 0.79) and lithium-ion conductivity.

Controlled Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Au@ZnO Nanospheres with Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Structures Assisted by Carbonaceous Layers as Intermediate.

Au@ZnO nanospheres with controlled core-shell and yolk-shell features were successfully fabricated through a facile template-based solvothermal method using carbonaceous layers as intermediate. The active carbonaceous layers containing numerous surface functional groups such as OH and C═O play key roles in fabrication of the Au@ZnO nanospheres. The structures of Au@ZnO can easily controlled by adjusting the concentration of Zn ions aqueous solution and/or the size of Au@C microspheres.

Remarkably enhanced photovoltaic effects and first-principles calculations in neodymium doped BiFeO.

Remarkably enhanced photovoltaic effects have been observed in the heterostructures of p-type A-site Nd-doped BiFeO (BiNd)FeO (or BFONd) polycrystalline ceramics and the n-type ITO thin film. The maximum power conversion is ~0.82%, which is larger than 0.

Hierarchical Nanostructured WO3 with Biomimetic Proton Channels and Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductivity for Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Protein channels in biologic systems can effectively transport ions such as proton (H(+)), sodium (Na(+)), and calcium (Ca(+)) ions. However, none of such channels is able to conduct electrons. Inspired by the biologic proton channels, we report a novel hierarchical nanostructured hydrous hexagonal WO3 (h-WO3) which can conduct both protons and electrons.

Mesoporous crystalline-amorphous oxide nanocomposite network for high-performance lithium storage.

Mesoporous nanocomposites composed of crystalline and amorphous oxides network were successfully synthesized by a continuous aerosol spray process; electrodes made from such nanocomposites with a thin-layer of protective oxide coating exhibit high capacity and long cycling life for lithium storage.

Stable lithium-ion cathodes from nanocomposites of VO2 nanowires and CNTs.

A VO(2)(B) nanowire/CNT nanocomposite was fabricated with a stable lithium storage performance resulting in an interpenetrating porous network. This material demonstrated an enhanced Li-ion storage capacity with a significantly improved cycling stability. The capacity of the composite faded by only 6% after 100 cycles at 1 C, suggesting great promise for better lithium-ion cathodes.

Building robust architectures of carbon and metal oxide nanocrystals toward high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Design and fabrication of effective electrode structure is essential but is still a challenge for current lithium-ion battery technology. Herein we report the design and fabrication of a class of high-performance robust nanocomposites based on iron oxide spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An efficient aerosol spray process combined with vacuum filtration was used to synthesize such composite architecture, where oxide nanocrystals were assembled into a continuous carbon skeleton and entangled in porous CNT networks.

The first bis-retrochalcone from Fissistigma latifolium.

Two novel chalconoids, [3-3'']bi-2-hydroxy-4,5,6-trimethoxydihydrochalcone (1) and 4,6-dimethoxy-2,5-quinodihydrochalcone (2), and twelve known compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Fissistigma latifolium (Dun.) Merr. The structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.