Astaxanthin Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Femoral Head Osteonecrosis by Targeting Ferroptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Glucocorticoid (GC) is extensively used in clinical practice, and the osteonecrosis of the femoral head caused by them is a common issue in orthopedic surgery, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Astaxanthin (AST), a potent natural antioxidant, has an unexplored impact on GC-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH). This study explores the effects and mechanisms of AST in counteracting dexamethasone (Dex)-induced ferroptosis and GIONFH.

Data-Driven Approach for Designing Eco-Friendly Heterocyclic Compounds for the Soil Microbiome.

Soil microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health, productivity, and nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. The persistence and prevalence of heterocyclic compounds in soil pose significant risks to soil health. However, understanding the links between heterocyclic compounds and microbial responses remains challenging due to the complexity of microbial communities and their various chemical structures.

The effects of different halogenated-pyrethroid pesticides on soil microbial community.

The application of pesticides increases crop yields but affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community. Halogens are common functional modification groups in chemical compounds, and innovative pesticides have been developed on the basis of these groups. However, the effects of different halogen substituents on soil microorganisms remain unclear.

Enhancing Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice Using SIKVAV-Modified Chitosan Hydrogels.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a prevalent chronic disease caused by various factors, significantly impact patients' quality of life due to prolonged healing times and increased infection risks. Current treatment modalities, including pharmacological, physical, and surgical interventions, often yield limited efficacy and adverse effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The objective of this research is to create SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels with the intention of improving the process of skin wound healing in diabetic mice.

Orientin promotes diabetic wounds healing by suppressing ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway.

Diabetic patients often experience delayed wound healing due to impaired functioning of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under high glucose (HG) conditions. This is because HG conditions trigger uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, leading to iron-dependent ferroptosis, which is caused by glucolipotoxicity. However, natural flavonoid compound Orientin (Ori) possesses anti-inflammatory bioactive properties and is a promising treatment for a range of diseases.

Sequential extraction of hawthorn pectin: An attempt to reveal their original mode of being in plants and functional properties.

Hawthorn is rich in pectin, which is much higher than most cultivated fruits, but conventional extraction methods do not meet the requirements of low energy consumption and green production. Pectin in hawthorn is divided into soluble and insoluble parts, and with the ripening of hawthorn, the original pectin is converted into soluble pectin and pectic acid under the action of enzymes. Therefore, based on the characteristics of hawthorn pectin, this study sequentially extracted hawthorn pectin using water-soluble pectin (WSP) and hot acid-soluble pectin (HAP) method, verifying the feasibility of extracting hawthorn pectin with pure water at room temperature, and systematically analyzing and comparing the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of the two methods.

Pectin-based cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion film with two-sided differential wettability: A major role in the spatial distribution of microdroplets.

Pickering emulsions have attracted much attention as a novel emulsifying technology. This research to explore Zein-Citrus pectin nanoparticles stabilized cinnamon essential oil (CEO) Pickering emulsion (ZCCPEs) for constructing Pickering emulsion edible film (PEF). Unlike traditional research, which focuses on antibacterial and antioxidant activities, our research examined the physical properties of PEF, specifically changes in wettability.

Global biogeography of microbes driving ocean ecological status under climate change.

Microbial communities play a crucial role in ocean ecology and global biogeochemical processes. However, understanding the intricate interactions among diversity, taxonomical composition, functional traits, and how these factors respond to climate change remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose seven distinct ecological statuses by systematically considering the diversity, structure, and biogeochemical potential of the ocean microbiome to delineate their biogeography.

Glyphosate Disorders Soil Gut Microbiota and Increases Its Antibiotic Resistance Risk.

Pesticides promote the stable development of intensive global agriculture. Nevertheless, their residues in the soil can cause ecological and human health risks. Glyphosate is a popular herbicide and is generally thought to be ecologically safe and nontoxic, but this conclusion has been questioned.

Hesperetin promotes diabetic wound healing by inhibiting ferroptosis through the activation of SIRT3.

Hesperetin (HST) is a flavonoid compound naturally occurring in citrus fruits and is widespread in various traditional medicinal herbs such as grapefruit peel, orange peel, and tangerine peel. These plant materials are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to prepare herbal remedies. The study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms through which HST reduces ferroptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes angiogenesis and wound healing.

Effects of organic fertilizers on plant growth and the rhizosphere microbiome.

Application of organic fertilizers is an important strategy for sustainable agriculture. The biological source of organic fertilizers determines their specific functional characteristics, but few studies have systematically examined these functions or assessed their health risk to soil ecology. To fill this gap, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data from 637 soil samples amended with plant- and animal-derived organic fertilizers (hereafter plant fertilizers and animal fertilizers).

Negative effects of abamectin on soil microbial communities in the short term.

With the widespread use of abamectin in agriculture, there is increasing urgency to assess the effects of abamectin on soil microorganisms. Here, we treated plant-soil microcosms with abamectin at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.

Plants select antibiotic resistome in rhizosphere in early stage.

Knowledge of the dissemination and emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the plant rhizosphere is essential for evaluating the risk of the modern ARGs in soil planetary health. However, little is known about the selection mechanism in the plant rhizosphere. Here, we firstly analyzed the dynamic changes in the rhizosphere antibiotic resistome during the process of three passage enrichment of the rhizosphere microbiome in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and found evidence that plants directionally enriched levels of beneficial functional bacteria with many ARGs.

Compare the performance of multiple binary classification models in microbial high-throughput sequencing datasets.

The development of machine learning and deep learning provided solutions for predicting microbiota response on environmental change based on microbial high-throughput sequencing. However, there were few studies specifically clarifying the performance and practical of two types of binary classification models to find a better algorithm for the microbiota data analysis. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the performance, accuracy and running time of the binary classification models built by three machine learning methods - random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and one deep learning method - back propagation neural network (BPNN).

Xenobiotic pollution affects transcription of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in aquatic microcosms.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) are critical threats to human health. Their abundance in aquatic ecosystems is maintained and enhanced via selection driven by environmental xenobiotics. However, their activity and expression in these environments under xenobiotic stress remains unknown.

Metagenomic ecotoxicity assessment of trace difenoconazole on freshwater microbial community.

Difenoconazole, a typical triazole fungicide, inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in fungi, and is extensively used in protecting fruits, vegetables, and cereal crops. However, reports elucidating the effects of difenoconazole on aquatic microbial communities are limited. Our study showed that difenoconazole promoted microalgae growth at concentrations ranging from 0.

Effects of chiral herbicide dichlorprop on Arabidopsis thaliana metabolic profile and its implications for microbial communities in the phyllosphere.

Dichlorprop (2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, DCPP), a commonly used herbicide for weed control, can be residually detected in soil. It is still unclear whether chiral DCPP exerts an enantioselective adverse effect on plant metabolism and the microbial community of the phyllosphere. In this study, we selected Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to explore the effects of R- and S-DCPP enantiomers on plant physiological activities, metabolism, and associated changes in the phyllosphere microbial community.

Oral azoxystrobin driving the dynamic change in resistome by disturbing the stability of the gut microbiota of Enchytraeus crypticus.

Pesticides are continually entering the soil ecosystem because of safety assurance of high-yield food in agricultural intensification. It is highly urgent to evaluate their effects on the soil biota. This study characterized the dose-dependent changes in the gut bacterial and fungal community of Enchytraeus crypticus after oral exposure to an environmental dose of the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZ; 0.

Gammaproteobacteria, a core taxon in the guts of soil fauna, are potential responders to environmental concentrations of soil pollutants.

Background: The ubiquitous gut microbiotas acquired from the environment contribute to host health. The gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates are gradually assembled from the microecological region of the soil ecosystem which they inhabit, but little is known about their characteristics when the hosts are under environmental stress. The rapid development of high-throughput DNA sequencing in the last decade has provided unprecedented insights and opportunities to characterize the gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates.

Enantioselective metabolomic modulations in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf induced by the herbicide dichlorprop.

Over 40% of herbicides used today are chiral. Dichlorprop (2, 4-DCPP) is a widely used typical broad-spectrum chiral aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid (AOPP) herbicide. However, the molecular mechanism of the enantioselectivity of DCPP enantiomers (S-DCPP and R-DCPP) and their effects on non-target organisms are remain unclear.

Proteomic analysis of zebrafish brain damage induced by Microcystis aeruginosa bloom.

Cyanobacterial blooms constitute a global ecological problem that can seriously threaten human health. One of the most common bloom-forming cyanobacteria in freshwater is Microcystis aeruginosa, whose secretion of toxic substances (microcystins, MCs) have strong liver toxicity and endanger the health of exposed people through contaminated aquatic products and drinking water. However, few studies on the neurotoxicity of M.