Effects of mixed exposure to PFAS on adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Integrating evidence from human cohorts, toxicogenomics, and animal models to uncover mechanisms and potential target sites.

Extensive evidence suggests a correlation between environmental pollutants, specifically perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the association and underlying mechanisms of PFAS-induced NAFLD in adolescents by employing a comprehensive approach of population-based studies, toxicogenomics, and animal models. A total of 2014 freshmen from Dali University were recruited for this study, with 1694 participants undergoing serum testing for PFAS exposure.

Alternating current and electrolyte engineering-promoted surface reconstruction of NiFeOH catalysts for amper-level oxygen evolution reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds vital significance for energy conversion and sustainable synthesis, but the scope of achievable reactions using active and durable electrocatalysts remains limited. Nearly all employed electrocatalyst surfaces undergo uncontrolled reconstruction processes during OER, resulting in inevitable uncertainties and randomness in the formation and evolution of the reconstituted layer. Most current efforts are confined to a single process or region, leaving the energy supply and microenvironment uncontrollable.

Longitudinal ultra-sensitive mutation burden sequencing for precise minimal residual disease assessment in AML.

Relapse is one of the major challenges in clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Though minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring plays a crucial role in quantitative assessment of the disease, molecular MRD analysis has been mainly limited to patients diagnosed with gene fusions and NPM1 mutations. Here, we report a longitudinal ultra-sensitive mutation burden (UMB) monitoring strategy for accurate MRD analysis in AML patients regardless of genetic abnormality types.

High-Precision Multi-Object Tracking in Satellite Videos via Pixel-Wise Adaptive Feature Enhancement.

In this paper, we focus on the multi-target tracking (MOT) task in satellite videos. To achieve efficient and accurate tracking, we propose a transformer-distillation-based end-to-end joint detection and tracking (JDT) method. Specifically, (1) considering that targets in satellite videos usually have small scales and are shot from a bird's-eye view, we propose a pixel-wise transformer-based feature distillation module through which useful object representations are learned via pixel-wise distillation using a strong teacher detection network; (2) targets in satellite videos, such as airplanes, ships, and vehicles, usually have similar appearances, so we propose a temperature-controllable key feature learning objective function, and by highlighting the learning of similar features during distilling, the tracking accuracy for such objects can be further improved; (3) we propose a method that is based on an end-to-end network but simultaneously learns from a highly precise teacher network and tracking head during training so that the tracking accuracy of the end-to-end network can be improved via distillation without compromising efficiency.

A nanofluidic chemoelectrical generator with enhanced energy harvesting by ion-electron Coulomb drag.

A sufficiently high current output of nano energy harvesting devices is highly desired in practical applications, while still a challenge. Theoretical evidence has demonstrated that Coulomb drag based on the ion-electron coupling interaction, can amplify current in nanofluidic energy generation systems, resulting in enhanced energy harvesting. However, experimental validation of this concept is still lacking.

Thyrotoxic Effects of Mixed Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds: Integrating Population-Based, Toxicogenomic, Animal, and Cellular Evidence to Elucidate Molecular Mechanisms and Identify Potential Effector Targets.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging environmental endocrine disruptors that may adversely affect the human endocrine system, particularly the thyroid gland, the largest endocrine gland in the human body. An epidemiologic survey was conducted involving 318 community residents in Shanghai, China, to assess PFAS exposure levels. The relationship between PFAS exposure and five thyroid function indicators was analyzed using Bayesian Kernel Regression (BKMR) and Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS).

Association between PFAS exposure and thyroid health: A systematic review and meta-analysis for adolescents, pregnant women, adults and toxicological evidence.

A burgeoning body of epidemiological and toxicological evidence suggests that thyroid health may be significantly impacted by exposure to both long- and short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between 16 PFAS compounds and five thyroid hormones (TSH, TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4) in the serum of a pregnant women, adolescents, and adults. The dose-response relationship between some PFAS and thyroid hormones in different population subpopulation was found and the model was fitted.

Evaluation of aspartame effects at environmental concentration on early development of zebrafish: Morphology and transcriptome.

The use of aspartame as an artificial sweetener is prevalent in a wide range of everyday food products, potentially leading to health complications such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegeneration. Aspartame has also been detected in natural water bodies at a concentration of 0.49 μg/L, yet research on its ecotoxicological effects on aquatic life remains scarce.

Cation-Triggered Growth of Nanowires for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which occurs in a variety of energy-related devices, necessitates optimization of the reaction pathways for efficient and scalable deployment. Nevertheless, fully harnessing the advanced structure of synthetic electrocatalysts remains a significant challenge due to the inevitable surface reconstruction process during OER. Here we present an efficient and flexible method to control the surface reconstruction process by engineering an electrolyte containing trace Co cation.

Radiomics Model of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Evaluating Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters and Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a clinical-radiomics model of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for the preoperative discrimination of Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC)- microvascular invasion (MVI) and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: 219 HCC patients from Institution 1 were split into internal training and validation groups, with 101 patients from Institution 2 assigned to external validation. Histologically confirmed VETC-MVI pattern categorizing HCC into VM-HCC+ (VETC+/MVI+, VETC-/MVI+, VETC+/MVI-) and VM-HCC- (VETC-/MVI-).

Constructing Thermal Convection Film for Low Heat Loss and High Salt Resistance in Wood-Based Solar Evaporators.

Unique suspension solar evaporator is one of the effective measures to address the major bottleneck of the emerging interfacial evaporators, i.e., the accumulation of salts on the surface.

Bioinspired carbon nanotube-based nanofluidic ionic transistor with ultrahigh switching capabilities for logic circuits.

The voltage-gated ion channels, also known as ionic transistors, play substantial roles in biological systems and ion-ion selective separation. However, implementing the ultrafast switchable capabilities and polarity switching of ionic transistors remains a challenge. Here, we report a nanofluidic ionic transistor based on carbon nanotubes, which exhibits an on/off ratio of 10 at operational gate voltage as low as 1 V.

Using teach-back in patient education to improve patient satisfaction and the clarity of magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To explore the effects of using the teach-back method prior to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients' knowledge and satisfaction as well as the clarity of the resulting scans.

Methods: A total of 254 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI examination from July 4, 2022 to September 19, 2022 were enrolled and assigned to the intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group received education using the teach-back method, while those in the control group were given routine health education.

Preclinical evaluation of the theranostic potential of Zr/Lu-labeled anti-TROP-2 antibody in triple-negative breast cancer model.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors among women, characterized by high invasiveness, high heterogeneity, and lack of specific therapeutic targets such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein over-expressed in 80% of TNBC patients and is associated with the occurrence, progress, and poor prognosis of TNBC. The TROP-2 targeted immunoPET imaging allows non-invasive quantification of the TROP-2 expression levels of tumors, which could help to screen beneficiaries most likely to respond to SG and predict the response.

The effect of different prebiotics on intestinal probiotics in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.

Prebiotics exert favorable effects on the host through interactions with probiotics, and their beneficial impacts have been extensively validated across various chronic ailments, including diabetes. This study presents findings from a case-control investigation involving 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 10 healthy counterparts. Fresh stool specimens were collected from all participants.

Tc-Labeled FAPI SPECT Imaging in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Preliminary Results.

Aim: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a poor prognosis, presenting the most aggressive form of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Activated fibroblasts are crucial for pathological processes. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor (FAPI) tracers would be promising imaging agents for these diseases.

A Comprehensive Model Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Better Predict the Preoperative Histological Grade of Breast Cancer Than a Radiomics Model.

Background: Histological grade is an important prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer and can affect clinical decision-making. From a clinical perspective, developing an efficient and non-invasive method for evaluating histological grading is desirable, facilitating improved clinical decision-making by physicians. This study aimed to develop an integrated model based on radiomics and clinical imaging features for preoperative prediction of histological grade invasive breast cancer.

Charges Transfer in Interfaces for Energy Generating.

Under the threat of energy crisis and environmental pollution, the technology for sustainable and clean energy extraction has received considerable attention. Owing to the intensive exploration of energy conversion strategies, expanded energy sources are successfully converted into electric energy, including mechanical energy from human motion, kinetic energy of falling raindrops, and thermal energy in the ambient. Among these energy conversion processes, charge transfer at different interfaces, such as solid-solid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and gas-contained interfaces, dominates the power-generating efficiency.

Wood-Derived Continuously Oriented Three-Phase Interfacial Channels for High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Alkaline Zinc Batteries.

Although recently developed hybrid zinc (Zn) batteries integrate the benefits of both alkaline Zn and Zn-air batteries, the kinetics of the electrocatalytic oxygen reaction and mass transfer of the electrolyte, which are limited by the mismatched and disordered multiphase reaction's interfacial transfer channels, considerably inhibit the performance of hybrid Zn batteries. In this work, novel, continuously oriented three-phase interfacial channels at the cathode derived from the natural structure of pine wood are developed to address these challenges. A pine wood chip is carbonized and asymmetrically loaded with a hydrophilic active material to achieve the creation of a wood-derived cathode that integrates the active material, current collector, and continuously oriented three-phase reaction interfacial channels, which allows the reaction dynamics to be accelerated.

Optimized Therapeutic Lu-Labeled PSMA-Targeted Ligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Characteristics for Prostate Cancer.

Clinical trials have shown the significant efficacy of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for treating prostate cancer. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic performance of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 still need further improvement to meet clinical expectations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic potential of three novel Lu-labeled ligands for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Optimized Ga-Labeled Urea-Based PSMA-Targeted PET Tracers for Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have become some of the most promising tools for the diagnosis and therapy prostate cancer (PCa). The structure of existing PSMA-targeted PET tracers still needs to be optimized to improve their pharmacokinetic properties and tumor-to-background ratio. In this study, we modified the structure of a well-studied PSMA tracer, and six novel tracers with variable hydrophilicity and pharmacokinetics were developed and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Pilot-Scale Vinification of Cabernet Sauvignon Using Combined and to Achieve Wine Acidification.

Insufficient acidity in grape berries from warm climate regions has been exacerbated due to global warming, thereby becoming a major concern for winemaking. The wine lactic acid bacterium has potential to ameliorate wine acidity by producing lactic acid from hexose metabolism, but its impact on wine compositions and sensory outcomes is not well studied. Here, we evaluated acidification and fermentation performance of indigenous in two inoculation regimes (i.

Synthesis, preclinical evaluation, and first-in-human study of AlF-PSMA-Q for prostate cancer imaging.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of a novel AlF-labeled PSMA-targeted radiotracer for PCa diagnosis through both preclinical and pilot clinical studies.

Methods: AlF-PSMA-Q was prepared automatically. The binding affinity to PSMA was evaluated in vitro using the 22Rv1 (PSMA +) and PC-3 (PSMA -) cell lines.

Quench-Induced Surface Engineering Boosts Alkaline Freshwater and Seawater Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Porous NiCo O Nanowires.

The electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by efficient catalysts is a crucial step for the conversion of renewable energy into hydrogen fuel, in which surface/near-surface engineering has been recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing the intrinsic activities of the OER electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile quenching approach is demonstrated that can simultaneously enable the required surface metal doping and vacancy generation in reconfiguring the desired surface of the NiCo O catalyst, giving rise to greatly enhanced OER activities in both alkaline freshwater and seawater electrolytes. As a result, the quenched-engineered NiCo O nanowire electrode achieves a current density of 10 mA cm at a low overpotential of 258 mV in 1 m KOH electrolyte, showing the remarkable catalytic performance towards OER.