Functional characterization of chlorophyll b reductase NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 in Medicago truncatula.

Chlorophyll degradation is a characteristic process of leaf senescence. Two mutant lines, which showed green leaves and seeds during senescence, were identified by screening a Tnt-1 retrotransposon-tagged population of Medicago truncatula. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the mutated gene is NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (MtNYC1) in M.

The HD-ZIP IV transcription factor GLABRA2 acts as an activator for proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula seed coat.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), a group of flavonoids, are found in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed coats of many plant species. PAs are primarily composed of epicatechin units in the seed coats of the model legume species, Medicago truncatula. It can be synthesized from two separate pathways, the leucoanthocyanidin reductase (MtLAR) pathway and the anthocyanidin synthase (MtANS) pathway, which produce epicatechin through anthocyanidin reductase (MtANR).

MtPIN4 plays critical roles in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of seed in Medicago truncatula.

The regulation of seed development is critical for determining crop yield. Auxins are vital phytohormones that play roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. However, its role in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in seeds is not fully understood.

Rewiring of a KNOXI regulatory network mediated by UFO underlies the compound leaf development in Medicago truncatula.

Class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are parts of the regulatory network that control the evolutionary diversification of leaf morphology. Their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns in developing leaves correlate with the degrees of leaf complexity between simple-leafed and compound-leafed species. However, KNOXI genes are not involved in compound leaf formation in several legume species.

Zadek Osteotomy, a Good Treatment Option for Refractory Haglund's Deformity.

Introduction: Haglund's deformity (a prominence in the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneum) is a known cause of posterior heel pain. Surgery is reserved for patients after failed conservative treatment. Zadek osteotomy is a dorsal-closing wedge osteotomy that reduces the posterior heel prominence.

Roles of very long-chain fatty acids in compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula.

Plant cuticles are composed of hydrophobic cuticular waxes and cutin. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are components of epidermal waxes and the plasma membrane and are involved in organ morphogenesis. By screening a barrelclover (Medicago truncatula) mutant population tagged by the transposable element of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (Tnt1), we identified two types of mutants with unopened flower phenotypes, named unopened flower1 (uof1) and uof2.

Developmental Analysis of Compound Leaf Development in .

Leaves are the primary photosynthetic structures, while photosynthesis is the direct motivation of crop yield formation. As a legume plant, peanut () is one of the most economically essential crops as well as an important source of edible oil and protein. The leaves of are in the tetrafoliate form, which is different from the trifoliate leaf pattern of , a model legume species.

Developmental Analysis of the GATA Factor Mutants in Reveals Their Roles in Nodule Formation.

Formation of nodules on legume roots results from symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria. Here, we identified two GATA transcription factors, and , in , which are the homologs of () and in . Our analysis revealed that and are expressed in roots and shoots including the root tip and nodule apex.

Interaction between the MtDELLA-MtGAF1 Complex and MtARF3 Mediates Transcriptional Control of MtGA3ox1 to Elaborate Leaf Margin Formation in Medicago truncatula.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the diversity of leaf shapes have been of great interest to researchers. Leaf shape depends on the pattern of serrations and the degree of indentation of leaf margins. Multiple transcription factors and hormone signaling pathways are involved in this process.

and Play Dual Roles in Regulation of Shade Avoidance Response under Different Environments in .

Polar auxin transport mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins is critical for plant growth and development. As an environmental cue, shade stimulates hypocotyls, petiole, and stem elongation by inducing auxin synthesis and asymmetric distributions, which is modulated by PIN3,4,7 in . Here, we characterize the and , which are the orthologs of ,,, in model legume species .

Systematic Analysis of Gibberellin Pathway Components in Reveals the Potential Application of Gibberellin in Biomass Improvement.

Gibberellins (GAs), a class of phytohormones, act as an essential natural regulator of plant growth and development. Many studies have shown that GA is related to rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis in legume species. However, thus far, GA metabolism and signaling components are largely unknown in the model legume .

Multilayered N-Glycoproteome Profiling Reveals Highly Heterogeneous and Dysregulated Protein N-Glycosylation Related to Alzheimer's Disease.

Protein N-glycosylation is ubiquitous in the brain and is closely related to cognition and memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder that lacks a clear pathogenesis and treatment. Aberrant N-glycosylation has been suggested to be involved in AD pathology.

Regulates Auxin Response and Compound Leaf Morphogenesis in .

WUSCHEL (WUS) is thought to be required for the establishment of the shoot stem cell niche in . (), a gene that encodes a WUS-related homeobox family transcription factor, is thought to be the ortholog of the gene. plays conserved roles in shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary meristem (AM) maintenance.

Genome-wide characterization of SPL family in Medicago truncatula reveals the novel roles of miR156/SPL module in spiky pod development.

Background: SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-Likes (SPLs) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play many crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, there is little information about SPL family in the model legume Medicago truncatula.

Results: In this study, a total of 23 MtSPL genes were identified in M.

Plays an Important Role in Nodule Development in .

Brassinosteroid (BR) is an essential hormone in plant growth and development. The BR signaling pathway was extensively studied, in which () functions as a key regulator. Here, we carried out a functional study of the homolog of in R108, whose expression was induced in nodules upon 1021 inoculation.

provides C-function in floral organ identity through transcriptional regulation of in .

Floral development is one of the model systems for investigating the mechanisms underlying organogenesis in plants. Floral organ identity is controlled by the well-known ABC model, which has been generalized to many flowering plants. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized MYB-like gene, (), involved in flower development in the model legume Loss-of-function of results in flowers with stamens and carpel transformed into extra whorls of petals and sepals.

Genome-Wide Identification of Family Transcription Factors in Reveals Significant Roles of -Targeted in Nodule Development.

TCP proteins, the plant-specific transcription factors, are involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of plant development among different species, such as leaf development, branching, and flower symmetry. However, thus far, the roles of TCPs in legume, especially in nodulation are still not clear. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of genes was carried out to discover their evolution and function in .

The TERT promoter mutation incidence is modified by germline TERT rs2736098 and rs2736100 polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Telomerase activation via induction of the catalytic component telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays essential roles in malignant transformation. TERT promoter-activating mutations were recently identified as a novel mechanism to activate telomerase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and many other malignancies. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TERT rs2736098 and rs2736100 are significantly associated with cancer susceptibility.

Association Between the Telomerase rs2736098_TT Genotype and a Lower Risk of Chronic Hepatitis B and Cirrhosis in Chinese Males.

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver cirrhosis (LC) is its most common complication. The accumulated evidence indicates a genetic context of HBV infection phenotypes. Here we determine a potential association of CHB/LC with the genetic variant of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a key player in aging including immune-senescence.